Alterations in Sensation

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Questions and Answers

What is the kinesthetic sense responsible for?

Recognizing the size, shape, and texture of an object

Storing and discharging meaningful stimuli

Interpreting sensory nerve impulses

Enabling awareness of the position and movement of body parts (correct)

In normal sensation, what is perception related to?

Recognition of the size, shape, and texture of an object

Selective storage or discharge of stimuli

Integration and interpretation of stimuli (correct)

Stimulation of sensory nerve fibers

What does a deficit in sensory reception and perception result in?

Enhanced sensory acuity

Sensory deficit (correct)

Sensory overload

Increased socialization with others

When visual or hearing acuity changes or declines, what may a person do to cope with the sensory loss?

Withdraw by avoiding communication or socialization with others Signup and view all the answers

What does sensory reception involve?

Sensory nerve fiber stimulation Signup and view all the answers

What is pain considered in relation to sensation?

A sensory stimulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the first sign of macular degeneration?

Blurring of reading matter Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is characterized by numbness and tingling of the affected area and stumbling gait?

Peripheral neuropathy Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a stroke affecting the left hemisphere of the brain?

Difficulty with speech Signup and view all the answers

Which factor leads to thicker mucus and a dry mouth, interfering with the ability to eat?

Xerostomia Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of balance deficit resulting in dizziness and disequilibrium?

Vestibular dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

What decreases visual/motor coordination and leads to reduced color perception?

Macular degeneration Signup and view all the answers

What is the reticular activating system responsible for?

Mediating all sensory stimuli to the cerebral cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of sensory overload?

Racing thoughts and scattered attention Signup and view all the answers

What is presbyopia?

A gradual decline in the ability of the lens to focus on close objects Signup and view all the answers

What do patients with sensory deficits often do in adaptive ways?

Develop acute sense of hearing to compensate for visual loss Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common problem associated with computer vision syndrome?

Blurred vision and dry eyes Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of glaucoma?

Decreased visual acuity with difficulty adapting to darkness Signup and view all the answers

What is expressive aphasia?

The inability to name common objects or express simple ideas in words or writing Signup and view all the answers

How do patients with visual impairments detect the emotional tone of communication?

By relying on voice tones and inflections Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary sense for people with hearing impairments?

Vision Signup and view all the answers

What is global aphasia?

The inability to speak, interpret, or understand language Signup and view all the answers

What is a common alternate way of communicating for patients who have undergone laryngectomies?

Speaking with mechanical vibrators Signup and view all the answers

What should be assessed regarding the use of assistive devices for patients with sensory alterations?

Whether the patient thinks that these devices are beneficial Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign of visual alteration in adults?

Persistent repositioning of objects Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment activity is relevant for assessing a patient's hearing acuity?

Inspecting ear canal for hardened cerumen Signup and view all the answers

What behavior indicates a hearing deficit in adults?

Smiling and nodding of head in approval when someone speaks Signup and view all the answers

What is a predisposing factor for vision/hearing injury that should be assessed in patients?

Working in activities with potential for vision/hearing injury Signup and view all the answers

What is an assessment activity relevant for assessing a patient's vision?

Asking the patient to read newspaper, magazine, or lettering on menu Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of hearing alterations that should be asked to the patient?

Do people tell you that they have to 'shout' for you to hear them? Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended communication method for patients with aphasia?

Using simple, short questions and facial gestures Signup and view all the answers

How should communication be carried out with patients having an artificial airway?

Using a pad and pencil for the patient to write messages Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to communicate effectively with patients with hearing impairment?

Using written information to enhance the spoken word Signup and view all the answers

How is sensory loss addressed in the implementation stage for acute care?

By neglecting orientation of the environment Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended to promote normal sensory reception in restorative and continuing care?

Maintain healthy lifestyle choices Signup and view all the answers

What is advised if learning has not taken place during patient evaluation?

Reinforce previous instruction if learning has not taken place Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended when communicating with a patient who has problems speaking?

Speak slowly and give time to understand; be calm and patient Signup and view all the answers

How should patients with hearing impairment be approached in terms of communication?

Get the patient's attention and avoid startling them when entering the room Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided when speaking with someone who is deaf?

Eating, chewing, or smoking while speaking Signup and view all the answers

How should sensory abilities be evaluated in terms of improvement?

Observe the patient as a patient to explain or demonstrate self-care skills Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Sensation and Perception

Kinesthetic sense is responsible for sensing body position and movement.
Perception is related to the interpretation of sensory information.

Sensory Deficits

A deficit in sensory reception and perception results in sensory loss or impairment.
When visual or hearing acuity changes or declines, a person may cope with the sensory loss by using assistive devices or adapting to new ways of communication.

Sensory Reception

Sensory reception involves the detection and transmission of sensory information to the brain.

Pain and Sensation

Pain is considered a type of sensation.

Visual Impairments

The first sign of macular degeneration is often blurred vision.
Presbyopia is a age-related decline in near vision.

Balance and Dizziness

A balance deficit resulting in dizziness and disequilibrium can be caused by a problem with the inner ear or the balance centers in the brain.

Sensory Overload

A common symptom of sensory overload is anxiety or agitation.

Brain and Sensation

A stroke affecting the left hemisphere of the brain can result in difficulty with language and communication.
The reticular activating system is responsible for regulating arousal and alertness.

Adaptive Behaviors

Patients with sensory deficits often adapt to their impairments by using alternative ways of communicating or sensing the environment.

Communication and Sensory Impairments

Patients with visual impairments may detect the emotional tone of communication through nonverbal cues.
The primary sense for people with hearing impairments is often vision.
Expressive aphasia is a language disorder characterized by difficulty with speaking and expressing thoughts.

Glaucoma and Vision

Glaucoma is a characteristic of increased pressure in the eye that can lead to vision loss.

Computer Vision Syndrome

The most common problem associated with computer vision syndrome is dry eye.

Assessment and Intervention

When assessing a patient's hearing acuity, whispering a word or phrase from behind the patient can be an effective way to evaluate their ability to hear.
A common sign of visual alteration in adults is difficulty with reading or watching TV.
Patients with hearing impairments may indicate a hearing deficit by cupping their hand around their ear or asking for repetition.
A predisposing factor for vision/hearing injury that should be assessed in patients is exposure to loud noises or hazardous chemicals.

Effective Communication

The recommended communication method for patients with aphasia is to use simple, clear language and to avoid frequent interruptions.
When communicating with patients having an artificial airway, it is recommended to use nonverbal cues and to avoid speaking loudly.
To communicate effectively with patients with hearing impairment, it is recommended to face them directly, speak clearly, and use visual aids.
In the implementation stage for acute care, sensory loss is addressed by adapting to the patient's sensory abilities and using assistive devices.
To promote normal sensory reception in restorative and continuing care, it is recommended to provide opportunities for sensory stimulation and to encourage patient participation.
If learning has not taken place during patient evaluation, it is recommended to re-evaluate the patient's sensory abilities and adapt the teaching approach accordingly.
When communicating with a patient who has problems speaking, it is recommended to use alternative methods such as writing or gestures.
Patients with hearing impairment should be approached in terms of communication by using clear, simple language and avoiding loud noises.
When speaking with someone who is deaf, it should be avoided to speak loudly or to use complex language.

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Description

Assess vision and hearing difficulties in individuals by examining the use of corrective devices, effectiveness of glasses or hearing aids, and signs and symptoms of visual and hearing alterations. Understand the impact on daily activities and identify specific challenges faced.