Viscosity of Fluids

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Questions and Answers

Where do denser vapors tend to accumulate?

In lower areas (correct)

In areas with low temperature

In areas with high pressure

In elevated areas

What is vapor pressure a measure of?

The reactivity of a substance

The volatility of a substance (correct)

The viscosity of a substance

The heat of combustion of a substance

Which of the following has a higher vapor pressure?

A gas

A solid

A volatile liquid (correct)

A non-volatile liquid

What is heat of combustion?

The energy released during the complete combustion of a unit of mass Signup and view all the answers

What is latent heat?

The energy required to change the phase of a substance Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measurement for latent heat?

Energy per unit of mass Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of unstable or reactive materials?

They can undergo self-reaction due to changes in temperature, pressure, or shock Signup and view all the answers

What can happen to unstable or reactive materials under certain conditions?

They undergo decomposition, polymerization, or explosion Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the energy required to change the phase of a substance?

Latent heat Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is related to the volatility of a substance?

Vapor pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measurement for viscosity in the SI system?

Pascal-second (Pa·s) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the viscosity of a liquid when its temperature is increased?

It decreases Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the mass of a substance per unit volume?

Density Signup and view all the answers

Why are liquids with high viscosity often pre-heated?

To facilitate their flow through tubes Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the density of a substance relative to the density of water?

Relative density Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical behavior of liquids with a density relative to water of less than 1?

They float in water Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the viscosity of a liquid and its ability to flow?

The lower the viscosity, the better the flow Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the force that acts tangentially to a surface, per unit area?

Shear stress Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of viscosity on the flow of bubbles in a liquid?

It decreases the flow of bubbles Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the density of a gas relative to the density of air?

Relative density Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Viscosity

Viscosity is the relationship between the shear stress (force acting tangentially on a surface, divided by the surface area) and the velocity gradient perpendicular to the shear plane.
Measured in SI units as pascal-seconds (Pa·s).
Associated with a fluid's resistance to flow, with less viscous liquids flowing better.
More viscous liquids have a greater resistance to bubble flow towards the surface.

Density

Density is the mass of a sample or body divided by its volume.
Mass-specific density is a property specific to a substance.
Density relative to water is used to express the density of liquids and gases, and is defined as the density of a body divided by the density of water.
For gases, density relative to air is used, and is defined as the density of a portion of the gas divided by the density of air.
Density relative is a dimensionless value.
Liquids with a density relative less than 1 will float on water.

Vapor Pressure

Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by a substance or mixture at a given temperature in a system containing only the vapor and the condensed phase (liquid or solid) of the substance or mixture.
Vapor pressure expresses the volatility of a liquid, with more volatile liquids having higher vapor pressures.

Heat of Combustion

Heat of combustion is the heat emitted by the complete combustion of a unit of mass.

Latent Heat

Latent heat is the energy required for a given mass of material to change phase (melting or vaporization), or the energy released when a given mass of material changes phase (solidification or condensation).
Expressed in units of energy per unit of mass.

Unstable or Reactive Materials

Unstable or reactive materials are those that, in their pure state or in commercial specifications, can become self-reactive and decompose, polymerize, or explode due to changes in temperature, pressure, or mechanical shock during storage or transportation.

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Description

Learn about viscosity, a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow, and its relation to shear stress and velocity gradient. Understand how it affects fluid flow and bubble flow in liquids.