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Questions and Answers
Where do denser vapors tend to accumulate?
Where do denser vapors tend to accumulate?
What is vapor pressure a measure of?
What is vapor pressure a measure of?
Which of the following has a higher vapor pressure?
Which of the following has a higher vapor pressure?
What is heat of combustion?
What is heat of combustion?
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What is latent heat?
What is latent heat?
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What is the unit of measurement for latent heat?
What is the unit of measurement for latent heat?
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What is a characteristic of unstable or reactive materials?
What is a characteristic of unstable or reactive materials?
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What can happen to unstable or reactive materials under certain conditions?
What can happen to unstable or reactive materials under certain conditions?
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What is the term for the energy required to change the phase of a substance?
What is the term for the energy required to change the phase of a substance?
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Which of the following is related to the volatility of a substance?
Which of the following is related to the volatility of a substance?
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What is the unit of measurement for viscosity in the SI system?
What is the unit of measurement for viscosity in the SI system?
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What happens to the viscosity of a liquid when its temperature is increased?
What happens to the viscosity of a liquid when its temperature is increased?
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What is the term for the mass of a substance per unit volume?
What is the term for the mass of a substance per unit volume?
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Why are liquids with high viscosity often pre-heated?
Why are liquids with high viscosity often pre-heated?
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What is the term for the density of a substance relative to the density of water?
What is the term for the density of a substance relative to the density of water?
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What is the typical behavior of liquids with a density relative to water of less than 1?
What is the typical behavior of liquids with a density relative to water of less than 1?
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What is the relationship between the viscosity of a liquid and its ability to flow?
What is the relationship between the viscosity of a liquid and its ability to flow?
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What is the term for the force that acts tangentially to a surface, per unit area?
What is the term for the force that acts tangentially to a surface, per unit area?
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What is the effect of viscosity on the flow of bubbles in a liquid?
What is the effect of viscosity on the flow of bubbles in a liquid?
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What is the term for the density of a gas relative to the density of air?
What is the term for the density of a gas relative to the density of air?
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Study Notes
Viscosity
- Viscosity is the relationship between the shear stress (force acting tangentially on a surface, divided by the surface area) and the velocity gradient perpendicular to the shear plane.
- Measured in SI units as pascal-seconds (Pa·s).
- Associated with a fluid's resistance to flow, with less viscous liquids flowing better.
- More viscous liquids have a greater resistance to bubble flow towards the surface.
Density
- Density is the mass of a sample or body divided by its volume.
- Mass-specific density is a property specific to a substance.
- Density relative to water is used to express the density of liquids and gases, and is defined as the density of a body divided by the density of water.
- For gases, density relative to air is used, and is defined as the density of a portion of the gas divided by the density of air.
- Density relative is a dimensionless value.
- Liquids with a density relative less than 1 will float on water.
Vapor Pressure
- Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by a substance or mixture at a given temperature in a system containing only the vapor and the condensed phase (liquid or solid) of the substance or mixture.
- Vapor pressure expresses the volatility of a liquid, with more volatile liquids having higher vapor pressures.
Heat of Combustion
- Heat of combustion is the heat emitted by the complete combustion of a unit of mass.
Latent Heat
- Latent heat is the energy required for a given mass of material to change phase (melting or vaporization), or the energy released when a given mass of material changes phase (solidification or condensation).
- Expressed in units of energy per unit of mass.
Unstable or Reactive Materials
- Unstable or reactive materials are those that, in their pure state or in commercial specifications, can become self-reactive and decompose, polymerize, or explode due to changes in temperature, pressure, or mechanical shock during storage or transportation.
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Description
Learn about viscosity, a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow, and its relation to shear stress and velocity gradient. Understand how it affects fluid flow and bubble flow in liquids.
