Viscosity and Density Relations
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What is the unit of measurement for viscosity?

  • Pascal-seconds
  • Joule-seconds
  • Newton-seconds
  • Centipoise (correct)

    • What is the purpose of the experiment described in the procedure?

  • To determine the density of glycerin
  • To measure the time flow of liquids
  • To determine the radius of the particle of glycerin (correct)
  • To prepare different concentrations of glycerin

    • What is the formula to calculate intrinsic viscosity?

  • [η]int = K/α
  • [η]int = K/α^2
  • [η]int = KMα (correct)
  • [η]int = Kα^2

    • What is the molecular weight of gelatin?

    <p>40670 gm/mole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the viscosity of each concentration of glycerin measured?

    <p>Using a viscometer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate relative viscosity?

    <p>ηrelative = η/η solvent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of preparing different concentrations of glycerin?

    <p>To determine the viscosity of glycerin at different concentrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of glycerin to water in the initial solution?

    <p>20% w/v</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of velocity in the given equation?

    <p>cm / sec</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the experiment described in the content?

    <p>To verify Boyle's Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation used to find the atmospheric pressure?

    <p>H = C / K * 1 / L - B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol for the length of the tube as shown in fig (1)?

    <p>L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of B (atmospheric pressure) in cm?

    <p>76 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the graphical representation of the values of h against 1/L?

    <p>A straight line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of 1/L when h is 0?

    <p>1 / 76</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the constant of proportionality in equation (1)?

    <p>C / K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of viscosity in Centipoise?

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol of viscosity?

    <p>η</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation used to determine the viscosity of an unknown liquid?

    <p>ηunknown = ηw * ρunknown / ρw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the capillary viscometer?

    <p>To measure the time required for a liquid to flow between two marks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of Poise?

    <p>gm.Cm -1.Sec-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between viscosity and concentration?

    <p>Viscosity is directly proportional to concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Einstein equation?

    <p>To relate the viscosity to the volume fraction of particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the experiment?

    <p>To determine the viscosity of glycerin in different concentrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of this experiment?

    <p>To determine the speed of sound from the sound waves set up in the closed resonance tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to find the speed of sound at 0°C?

    <p>C = C0 × √(273 + t) / 273</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the variable being measured in the experiment?

    <p>Length of the air column</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the apparatus used to strike the tuning fork?

    <p>Rubber pad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of frequency of the tuning fork?

    <p>Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to find the speed of sound in the laboratory?

    <p>C = 2F (L2 - L1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of taking the mean of several readings of the length of the air column?

    <p>To reduce the error in the measurement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the variable that is changed to obtain different values of L1 and L2?

    <p>Frequency of the tuning fork</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition for the rate of decay of a quantity to be expressed mathematically?

    <p>The rate of decay is proportional to the quantity itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mathematical expression for the rate of decay of a quantity?

    <p>dh/dt = -αh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the constant λ in the equation dh/dt = -λh?

    <p>A constant of proportionality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation obtained after integrating dh/dt = -λh?

    <p>log10 h = -kt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the constants k and λ?

    <p>k = λ/log10 e</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation of the straight line obtained from the decay equation?

    <p>log10 h = -kt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the half-life T1/2 of the decay equation?

    <p>T1/2 = 0.301/k</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of adjusting the exit level D of the water?

    <p>To obtain a convenient mark on the scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Viscosity Measurement

    • Viscosity is the resistance to flow under applied stress (pressure).
    • The more viscous a liquid is, the more force is required to make it flow at a certain rate.
    • The unit of viscosity is poise (P) or dyne.sec/cm².
    • 1 poise = 100 centipoise (cP).
    • The viscosity of water is 1 cP or 0.01 P.

    Intrinsic Viscosity

    • Intrinsic viscosity ([η]) is a measure of the viscosity of a polymer solution.
    • It is related to the molecular weight (M) of the polymer by the equation [η] = KMα.
    • K and α are constants characteristic of the particle-polymer-solvent system.
    • The intrinsic viscosity can be used to determine the molecular weight of a polymer.

    Radius of Particle Determination

    • To determine the radius of a particle, the relative viscosity (ηrel) is plotted against the molar concentration.
    • The intercept of the plot is equal to [η]intrinsic.
    • The radius of the particle can be calculated from the intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight.

    Experiment 5: Boyle's Law

    • Purpose: To verify Boyle's Law by measuring the pressure of the atmosphere.
    • Apparatus: A glass tube containing mercury.
    • Theory: The equation used to find the atmospheric pressure is H = C * (1/L) - B, where H is the length of the mercury column, C and K are constants, L is the length of the tube, and B is the atmospheric pressure.
    • Procedure: Measure the scale reading of the mercury levels at different pressures, and plot a graph of H against 1/L.
    • The negative intercept on the H-axis is numerically equal to the atmospheric pressure (B).

    Experiment 6: Speed of Sound

    • Purpose: To determine the speed of sound in a closed resonance tube.
    • Apparatus: A closed resonance tube, a meter scale, tuning forks of different frequencies, a rubber pad, and a thermometer.
    • Theory: The speed of sound at 0°C is C = C0 * √(273 + t)/273, where C0 is the speed of sound at 0°C, and t is the room temperature.
    • The speed of sound can be calculated from the equation C = 2F * (L2 - L1), where F is the frequency of the fork, and L1 and L2 are the lengths of the air column in the tube.
    • Procedure: Measure the length of the air column in the tube at different frequencies, and calculate the speed of sound from the equation.

    Part II: Viscosity Measurement

    • Viscosity is measured using a capillary viscometer.
    • The viscosity of a liquid is calculated from the equation η = ηwater * (ρ/ρwater) * (t/twater), where η is the viscosity of the liquid, ρ is the density of the liquid, and t is the time required for the liquid to flow between two marks through a vertical capillary tube.
    • The Einstein equation for viscosity is η = η(1 + 2.5 θ), where θ is the volume fraction of the particle.
    • θ is related to the concentration of the particle by the equation θ = (volume of particle)/(total volume of dispersion).

    Capillary Viscometer

    • A capillary viscometer is used to measure the viscosity of a liquid.
    • The viscometer consists of a vertical capillary tube of certain diameter.
    • The time required for the liquid to flow between two marks through the tube is measured.
    • The viscosity of the liquid is calculated from the equation η = ηwater * (ρ/ρwater) * (t/twater).

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    Description

    This quiz covers the relationship between viscosity and density, including the concept of reducing viscosity and intrinsic viscosity.

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