Questions and Answers
What are viscerosomatic reflexes?
What produces localized visceral stimuli in viscerosomatic reflex points?
Patterns of reflex response in segmentally related somatic structures
Which levels does the SNS (Sympathetic Nervous System) treatment techniques address?
Rib raising results in an initial increase in sympathetics followed by a long-lasting sympathetic inhibition.
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What is a Chapman Point?
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Which statements about Chapman's reflex pathways are true?
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What locations correspond with cardiac chapman points?
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Where are the renal chapman points located?
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The triangle around the umbilicus indicates the ______ chapman points.
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Which techniques are used to treat PSNS conditions?
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What is the average duration for applying treatment pressure in Chapman's reflex treatment?
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Study Notes
Viscerosomatic Reflexes
- Disruption or disease in internal organs can cause dysfunction in related musculoskeletal regions.
- Inflammation sensitizes local nociceptors, leading to referred pain.
- Segmental facilitation occurs at the spinal cord level due to convergence of visceral and somatic nociceptors.
Viscerosomatic Reflex Points
- Localized visceral stimuli create reflex responses in corresponding somatic structures.
Treatment Techniques - Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)
- Techniques focus on T1-L2 along the sympathetic chain ganglion.
- Methods include inhibitory pressure, soft tissue myofascial release, and rib raising.
Rib Raising
- Initial increase in sympathetic activity followed by lasting inhibition.
- Reduces sympathetic tone, enhances lymphatic return, and improves inhalation capacity.
Treatment Techniques - Parasympathetic Nervous System (PSNS)
- Vagus nerve (CN X) targets the occipital and upper cervical areas.
- Treatment focuses on sacrum and pelvis for lower GI and GU systems.
- Gentle techniques include OA decompression, sub-occipital release, balanced ligamentous tension (BLT), and inhibition.
Chapman Points
- System of reflex points defined by Frank Chapman, D.O., indicating visceral dysfunction.
- Present as soft, small nodules (2-3mm), tender but non-radiating upon palpation.
- Located deep beneath the skin, often aligned along the deep fascia or periosteum.
Chapman Reflex Pathway
- Viscerosomatic reflex leads to sympathetic dysfunction, resulting in lymphatic congestion and tissue texture changes.
- Presence of Chapman's points indicates visceral-origin changes in tissue texture.
Key Chapman Reflex Points
- Cardiac: 2nd intercostal space at sternal border.
- Pulmonary: 2nd intercostal space for bronchus and upper lung; 4th intercostal space for lower lung.
- Renal: Location for adrenals is 1 inch lateral and 2 inches superior to the umbilicus.
Cardiac Chapman Points
- Anterior: 2nd intercostal space at the sternal border.
- Posterior: T2-T3 intercostal space.
Pulmonary Chapman Points
- Bronchus, esophagus, and thyroid located at the 2nd intercostal space.
- Upper lung points at the 3rd intercostal space; lower lung points at the 4th intercostal space.
Renal Chapman Points
- Adrenal points found at 1 inch lateral and 2 inches superior to the umbilicus.
- Kidney points located at 1 inch lateral and 1 inch superior to the umbilicus.
Bladder Chapman Points
- Found in a triangle around the umbilicus and at the upper edge of the L2 transverse process.
- Urethra points approximately 2 cm lateral to the pubic symphysis.
Chapman's Reflexes Treatment
- Anterior and posterior reflex points assist in diagnosis and treatment of somatic dysfunctions.
- Focus on the pelvic region due to its role in the sympathetic nervous system and visceral organs.
- Frank Chapman and associates expanded on the endocrine implications of Chapman’s work.
Treatment Techniques for Chapman's Points
- Apply firm circular pressure on nodules for up to two minutes, ending when edema decreases or mass flattens.
- Pain reduction may occur as a secondary effect, but is not the primary endpoint.
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Description
Test your knowledge on viscerosomatic reflexes and Chapman points. This quiz explores the relationships between internal organs and related musculoskeletal dysfunctions. Understand the clinical effects and implications of these reflexes for better assessments.
