Questions and Answers
The viscerosomatic reflex for the heart is associated with which nerve roots?
The viscerosomatic reflex for the lungs is associated with which nerve roots?
The viscerosomatic reflex for the upper GI tract is associated with which nerve roots?
The viscerosomatic reflex for the esophagus is associated with which nerve roots?
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What are the nerve roots associated with the viscerosomatic reflex for the stomach and duodenum?
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Which nerve roots are associated with the viscerosomatic reflex for the mid and lower GI tract?
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The viscerosomatic reflex for the small intestine through ascending colon is associated with which nerve roots?
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The viscerosomatic reflex for the transverse colon through rectum is associated with which nerve roots?
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What are the nerve roots associated with the viscerosomatic reflex for the GU tract, ureter, bladder, urethra, and lower extremities?
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What nerve roots supply sympathetic innervation to the bladder?
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Which nerve roots supply sympathetic innervation to the testes/ovaries?
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What nerve roots provide sympathetic innervation to the uterus and cervix?
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Which nerve roots provide sympathetic innervation to the penis/anterior vaginal wall and clitoris?
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What nerve roots are responsible for sympathetic innervation to the prostate?
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What are the nerve roots that supply parasympathetic innervation to the GU tract?
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Study Notes
Viscerosomatic Reflexes
- T1-T5 corresponds to the heart.
- T2-T7 is for the lungs.
- T2-T9 is associated with the upper GI tract.
- T2-T8 corresponds to the esophagus.
- T5-T9 covers both the stomach and duodenum.
- T9-L2 is relevant for the mid and lower GI tract.
- T9-T11 is designated for the small intestine and ascending colon.
- T8-L2 encompasses the transverse colon through to the rectum.
- T10-L2 includes the genitourinary (GU) tract, ureter, bladder, urethra, and lower extremities.
Specific Reflexes by Vertebral Levels
- T1 may indicate the heart.
- T2 can reflect the heart, lungs, or esophagus.
- T3 is linked with the heart, lungs, or esophagus.
- T4 may involve the heart, lungs, or esophagus.
- T5 could indicate the heart, lungs, esophagus, stomach, or duodenum.
- T6 relates to the lungs, esophagus, stomach, or duodenum.
- T7 mirrors the reflexes of T6.
- T8 integrates the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and transverse colon through the rectum.
- T9 might involve the stomach, duodenum, small intestine through the ascending colon, and transverse colon through the rectum.
- T10 spans the small intestine through the ascending colon, transverse colon through the rectum, GU tract, and lower extremities.
GU Tract and Associated Reflexes
- T11 involves the same regions as T10.
- T12 touches on the transverse colon through the rectum, GU tract, and lower extremities.
- L1 and L2 both include reflexes from the transverse colon through the rectum, GU tract, lower extremities, and are linked to bladder, uterus, cervical areas, as well as specific genital regions.
Sympathetic Innervation
- Bladder sympathetic innervation stems from T11-L2.
- Testes and ovaries receive their sympathetic innervation from T10-T11.
- The uterus and cervix are supplied by sympathetic fibers from T10-L2.
- The penis, anterior vaginal wall, and clitoris derive sympathetic innervation from T11-L2.
- Prostate innervation comes from L1-L2.
Parasympathetic Innervation
- GU tract is supplied by parasympathetic fibers from S2-S4.
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Description
Test your knowledge on viscerosomatic reflexes and autonomic innervation with these flashcards. This quiz covers important reflexes associated with various organs and their corresponding spinal segments. Perfect for students of osteopathic medicine looking to enhance their understanding of the topic.
