Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
What type of fibers primarily provide the parasympathetic innervation to the thoracic viscera?
Where is the deep cardiac plexus primarily located?
Which spinal cord segments provide sympathetic nerve input to the cardiac plexus?
Which of the following effects does sympathetic stimulation have on the heart?
Signup and view all the answers
Which spinal cord levels are associated with pain fibers from the appendix?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the source of sympathetic sensory fibers related to the heart?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary control mechanism for peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main component of the autonomic innervation to the heart?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of nerve fibers are involved in the functional response of increasing coronary artery dilation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary source of sympathetic contributions to the cardiac plexus?
Signup and view all the answers
What effect does transection of the vagal trunks have on the stomach?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary role of the vagus nerve in the thoracic viscera?
Signup and view all the answers
Which spinal cord segments give rise to the thoracic splanchnic nerves?
Signup and view all the answers
Where is referred pain from the appendix most commonly felt?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of fibers stimulate acid secretion in the stomach's parietal cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Where do parasympathetic fibers for abdominal viscera primarily synapse?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following structures receives sympathetic fibers from the greater splanchnic nerves?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of the autonomic nervous system is primarily responsible for relaxation and recovery functions in the body, particularly in entailing the pelvic viscera?
Signup and view all the answers
What characterizes the organization of the aortic plexus?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following fibers primarily synapse within chromaffin cells of the suprarenal gland?
Signup and view all the answers
What role do sensory fibers play in the autonomic innervation of abdominal viscera?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary pathway for parasympathetic fibers from the anterior vagal trunk?
Signup and view all the answers
Which nerves provide sympathetic preganglionic fibers to the aorticorenal plexus?
Signup and view all the answers
What characterizes the fibers from the posterior vagal trunk?
Signup and view all the answers
Which plexus is responsible for the parasympathetic innervation of the large intestine up to the left colic flexure?
Signup and view all the answers
Where do most preganglionic fibers in the lesser and least splanchnic nerves synapse?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of these represents the distal extent of vagal innervation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of the lower two lumbar splanchnic nerves?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of fibers does the intermesenteric plexus receive?
Signup and view all the answers
Which sympathetic nerves contribute to the celiac plexus?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structures do the pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-4) provide parasympathetic contributions to?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements is true regarding the distribution of preganglionic parasympathetic fibers?
Signup and view all the answers
Where do sensory fibers mediating pain from the heart synapse in the spinal cord?
Signup and view all the answers
Which plexus utilizes vagus nerves as its primary source of parasympathetic supply?
Signup and view all the answers
Which splanchnic nerves contribute to the inferior mesenteric plexus?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a characteristic of referred pain from visceral organs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following plexuses is primarily associated with the upper lumbar splanchnic nerves?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Thoracic and Abdominal Viscera Innervation
- Thoracic and abdominal viscera receive autonomic innervation from plexuses, which are networks of nerve fibers from various nerves.
- Parasympathetic input originates from the vagus nerves and is preganglionic.
- Sympathetic input comes from postganglionic neurons in sympathetic trunk ganglia, including cervical and thoracic levels.
Heart Innervation
- The heart is innervated by the cardiac plexus, with superficial and deep components.
- Parasympathetic input comes from the vagus nerves, synapsing in ganglia within the atria and coronary arteries.
- Sympathetic input comes from thoracic and cervical ganglia, influencing heart rate, strength of contraction, and coronary artery dilation.
Thoracic Plexus
- The thoracic plexus includes the cardiac, pulmonary, and esophageal plexuses.
- The sympathetic and parasympathetic contributions to these plexuses are from specific levels of cervical and thoracic ganglia.
Abdominal Viscera Innervation
- Abdominal viscera are innervated via autonomic fibers located primarily on the aorta and its branches.
- Sympathetic input comes from preganglionic thoracic splanchnic nerves (greater, lesser, least) and lumbar splanchnic nerves, synapsing in ganglia within the plexuses.
- Parasympathetic input comes from preganglionic vagal nerves and pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4), often synapsing within the walls of the viscera.
- Sensory fibers travel with both sympathetic and parasympathetic components.
Aortic Plexus
- The aortic plexus, the largest prevertebral plexus, is located at the T12-L3 levels and is associated with various arterial branches.
- The celiac ganglion, the largest named ganglion, receives sympathetic fibers from the greater splanchnic nerves (T5-T9).
- Some greater splanchnic nerve fibers continue without synapsing in the celiac ganglion, reaching other ganglia or the adrenal gland.
- Parasympathetic fibers from the vagus nerves generally bypass the celiac plexus, directly innervating the stomach, duodenum, etc.
- The aorticorenal plexus, located adjacent to the renal arteries, receives sympathetic input from the lesser and least splanchnic nerves (T10-T12).
- The intermesenteric plexus, located between the superior and inferior mesenteric plexuses, receives sympathetic input from the upper two lumbar splanchnic nerves (L1-L2).
- The inferior mesenteric plexus receives parasympathetic input from the pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4) via the superior hypogastric plexus and hypogastric nerves.
Abdominal Plexus
- The abdominal plexuses include the celiac, aorticorenal, superior mesenteric, intermesenteric, and inferior mesenteric plexuses.
- Each plexus receives specific sympathetic and parasympathetic input from different spinal cord levels.
Clinical Anatomy
- Visceral pain travels back to the spinal cord using the same pathways used for sympathetic innervation.
- Referred pain occurs when visceral pain is perceived as originating from the somatic area supplied by the same spinal cord segments.
- Examples include heart pain referred to the chest and upper limb, gall bladder pain referred to the upper abdomen, and appendix pain referred to the umbilical region.
- Parasympathetic fibers control gastrointestinal peristalsis and acid secretion in the stomach.
- Transection of the vagal trunk can be done to reduce excessive acid formation associated with peptic ulcers.
Summary
- Nerves innervating thoracic and abdominal viscera travel along the vessels supplying those organs.
- Sympathetic preganglionic fibers typically synapse in ganglia associated with the plexuses, while parasympathetic preganglionic fibers generally synapse directly in the walls of the target organs.
Abdominal Innervation Diagram
- The diagram includes the following structures: anterior vagal trunk, posterior vagal trunk, celiac ganglion, greater splanchnic nerves, lesser splanchnic nerves, least splanchnic nerves, superior mesenteric ganglion, aorticorenal ganglion, kidneys, renal plexus, upper lumbar splanchnic nerves, sympathetic ganglion and trunk, lower lumbar splanchnic nerves, intermesenteric plexus, inferior mesenteric ganglion, superior hypogastric plexus, and hypogastric nerves.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on the autonomic innervation of thoracic and abdominal viscera with this quiz. Explore the roles of both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve inputs, as well as the cardiac plexus and its components. Perfect for students of anatomy or physiology looking to solidify their understanding of nerve interactions in these crucial areas.
