Viruses: Introduction and Properties

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Questions and Answers

What is the main characteristic of viruses that makes them unique from other infectious agents?

  • They can replicate outside of a living host
  • They have a cell nucleus
  • They contain only one kind of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA (correct)
  • They have organelles and cytoplasm

How do viruses display properties of living organisms?

  • By growing and replicating alone
  • By replicating only inside living host cells (correct)
  • By having a cell nucleus and organelles
  • By infecting host cells and synthesizing new viruses outside the host

What are the components that make up a complete virus particle called?

  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Capsid
  • Nucleocapsid (correct)

What surrounds the nucleocapsid in some viruses?

<p>Lipid envelope (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do the viral genome and nucleic acids lie in the virus?

<p>In the core of the virus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of genetic material can the viral genome contain?

<p>Both DNA and RNA at the same time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of viral proteins in a virus?

<p>Protect the viral genome, provide the structural symmetry, participate in the attachment of the virus particle to the host cell, and determine the antigenic characteristics of the virus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of an envelope in viruses?

<p>It is determined by viral genome &amp; by substances derived from host membranes, including combinations of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is associated with enveloped viruses?

<p>They can be hidden from attack by host immune system, but are easily damaged by environmental conditions that destroy biological membranes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the size and shape of most viruses?

<p>The capsid or envelope of the virus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of capsid has ribbon-like protein forms that spiral around the nucleic acid?

<p>Helical capsid. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are spikes on the envelope of some viruses primarily used for?

<p>To attach the virions to host cell receptors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are enveloped viruses easily damaged by environmental conditions?

<p>Because they have a lipid bilayer membrane outside their capsid that is derived from host cell membrane. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of spikes on the envelope of some viruses?

<p>To attach the virions to host cell receptors and cause RBCs to clump (hemagglutination). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of enveloped viruses?

<p>They can be hidden from attack by host immune system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the composition of an envelope in viruses?

<p>Viral genome &amp; substances derived from host membranes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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