Viruses: Discovery and Infection Methods

<p>The viral DNA integrated into the host's DNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By using the host's cellular machinery to produce copies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They convert RNA into DNA during replication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells contain organelles, whereas viruses do not (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peptidoglycan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binary Fission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absence of Peptidoglycan in cell walls (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photosynthesis and oxygen production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photoautotroph (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sexually (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ciliatae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Can utilize oxygen or ferment for energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases nutrient absorption for plants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overuse of antibiotics leading to resistance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Experiences toxicity and dies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their classification as unicellular or multicellular organisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Change shape and move (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unfavorable growth conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have no water-conducting tissues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gymnosperms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sporophyte (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The production of pollen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tracheophytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Haploid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anchoring the plant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gymnosperms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ovary (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Angiosperms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells burst out to form zoospores (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Several years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Green algae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photosynthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prevents nutrient ions from exiting back into the soil. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibrous Roots (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transpiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They close the stoma. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Auxins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absorbing light for photosynthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short-Day Flowers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Growth towards a light source (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pressure flow and chemical signals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water from the roots rushes in. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To generate bark (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Induces fruit ripening (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dermal Tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dicots have flower petals in multiples of 4 or 5. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sepals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Woody plants have thick cells known as wood. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A zygote (B), A triploid endosperm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Xylem transports water using tracheids and vessel elements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Support, storage of carbohydrates, and protection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vegetative reproduction in meristems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They live for only one growing season. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Keeping the nuclei of sieve tubes alive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They will fertilize another sperm cell to create an endosperm. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dermal tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Collenchyma provides flexible support. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They thicken to form a fruit surrounding the seed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibrous roots (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A tiny infectious agent that needs a host cell to replicate.

Made of proteins (capsid) surrounding genetic material (DNA or RNA).

A rapid viral reproduction method that destroys the host cell.

A slow viral reproduction where viral DNA integrates into host DNA.

Viral DNA within the host cell's DNA during lysogenic infection.

Viruses that use RNA as their genetic material.

Viruses need a host, cannot reproduce on their own; cells can reproduce by themselves.

Single-celled organisms without a nucleus (bacteria and archaea).

A substance in bacterial cell walls; a polymer of sugars and amino acids.

A type of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes where a cell divides into two identical cells.

A resistant structure formed by some bacteria in unfavorable conditions to protect them from harsh environments.

An organism that obtains energy by consuming other organisms.

An organism converting light energy to carbon compounds.

Organism that requires oxygen for cellular respiration.

Organism that needs no oxygen and dies in its presence, using fermentation.

Rod-shaped bacteria.

Circular bacteria.

Branching filaments that make up the body of multicellular fungi.

The intertwined mass of hyphae beneath the fruiting body of a fungus.

A material found in fungal cell walls and arthropods' exoskeletons.

Club-shaped cells where sexual spores form in Basidiomycota fungi.

A type of bacteria that can cause a disease.

Protein that is misfolded, causing diseases in the brain

A eukaryotic organism that can't move, has cellulose in its cell walls, is autotrophic, and uses photosynthesis for energy.

Plants evolved from aquatic algae, with early plants needing damp environments for survival.

Plants evolved to withstand dry conditions, draw water from the soil, and reproduce without water, increasing their survival chances.

Plants are classified into 5 groups: Algae, Bryophytes, Tracheophytes, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms.

Plants have a life cycle with two phases: Sporophyte (diploid) and Gametophyte (haploid).

Diploid phase in a plant's life cycle, producing spores through meiosis.

Haploid phase in a plant's life cycle, producing gametes (sperm and egg).

The only algae part of the plant kingdom, capable of forming multicellular colonies.

First plants reproduce asexually in favorable conditions and sexually in unfavorable conditions.

First land plants with embryos, including mosses, hornworts, and liverworts. They lack vascular tissues.

Spores develop into independent gametophytes, which produce gametes. Fertilization requires water for sperm to reach egg.

Plants with vascular tissues (xylem and phloem), allowing them to conduct water and nutrients, enabling tall growth.

Ferns are diploid sporophytes that release spores. Fertilization requires water for sperm to reach egg.

Plants that produce seeds in cones, with adaptations for fertilization without water.

Flowering plants with ovaries that develop into fruits, protecting and dispersing seeds.

A type of flowering plant with a single cotyledon, parallel veins in leaves, flower petals in multiples of three, vascular bundles scattered in the stem, and fibrous roots.

A type of flowering plant with two cotyledons, branched veins in leaves, flower petals in multiples of four or five, vascular bundles arranged in a ring, and tap roots.

A plant with a strong, thick stem made of wood, typically a dicot, with a brown stem.

A plant with a soft, green stem that does not produce wood, often a monocot or dicot, with a green stem.

A plant that completes its life cycle in one growing season - it germinates, grows, flowers, produces seeds, and dies within a year.

A plant that completes its life cycle in two growing seasons - it germinates and grows in the first year, flowers and produces seeds in the second year, and then dies.

A plant that lives for more than two years, typically regrowing from its roots each year.

Part of a flower that protects the developing bud before it blooms.

Colorful, often fragrant part of a flower that attracts pollinators.

The male reproductive organ of a flower, producing pollen.

The female reproductive organ of a flower, containing the ovary, style, and stigma.

The transfer of pollen from the stamen to the stigma, enabling fertilization.

The fusion of pollen and egg cells to produce a zygote, initiating the development of a seed.

A unique process in flowering plants where one sperm cell fertilizes the egg cell to form a zygote, and another sperm cell fertilizes the polar nuclei to form the endosperm.

Plants use energy to pump dissolved nutrient ions into their roots, creating a concentration gradient that draws in water through osmosis.

Taproots are single, thick roots that grow deep, found in dicots. Fibrous roots are a network of thin roots near the surface, found in monocots.

A waterproof barrier in roots that forces water and nutrients to enter the vascular tissue, preventing leakage back into the soil.

Supports leaves, branches, and flowers, transporting water and nutrients throughout the plant.

Monocots have scattered vascular bundles in the stem, while dicots have them arranged in a ring.

A central region made of parenchyma cells in dicot stems, later forms hardwood in woody plants.

Nodes are where leaves attach to the stem. Buds are where apical meristems are located, responsible for growth.

Primary growth elongates the plant upwards via apical meristems. Secondary growth widens the stem outwards, mainly in dicots.

A layer of cells in dicots that produces vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) for growth.

A layer in dicot stems that produces the outer covering or bark.

The vascular cambium produces wood, with each ring representing a year's growth.

Bark is formed by tissues outside the vascular cambium, including phloem, cork cambium, and cork.

Absorbs light for photosynthesis, prevents tearing with dermal tissue, uses vascular tissue for transport, and houses chloroplasts in ground tissue.

Palisade mesophyll absorbs light for photosynthesis, while spongy mesophyll allows gas exchange with its air pockets.