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Questions and Answers
What is the meaning of the Latin word from which 'virus' is derived?
What is the meaning of the Latin word from which 'virus' is derived?
- Disease
- Infection
- Poison (correct)
- Cell
Which hypothesis suggests that viruses may have evolved from free-living cells?
Which hypothesis suggests that viruses may have evolved from free-living cells?
- Cellular Origin Hypothesis
- Regressive Hypothesis (correct)
- Progressive Hypothesis
- Virus First Hypothesis
Who discovered the filterable nature of the Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)?
Who discovered the filterable nature of the Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)?
- D. Ivanowski (correct)
- W. M. Stanley
- C. Chamberland
- E. Jenner
What is a defining characteristic of viruses in relation to living cells?
What is a defining characteristic of viruses in relation to living cells?
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What significant contribution did E. Jenner make in 1796?
What significant contribution did E. Jenner make in 1796?
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Study Notes
Discovery of Viruses
- The term "virus" originates from the Latin word "venom", meaning "poison".
- Early understanding of viruses involved infectious diseases with unknown causes.
- C. Chamberland and L. Pasteur discovered that rabies agents could pass through porcelain filters with a pore size of 100-1000 nm.
- Current definition of viruses: Non-cellular infectious entities containing RNA or DNA, typically encased in a protein coat, requiring living cells for reproduction.
Origin of Viruses
- Regressive Hypothesis: Viruses evolved from free-living cells or intracellular prokaryotic parasites.
- Progressive Hypothesis: Viruses originated from RNA and DNA molecules or self-replicating entities similar to transposons or other mobile genetic elements that escaped from a host cell.
- Virus First Hypothesis: Viruses may have been the first self-replicating entities evolving before the first cells.
Contributions of Virologists
- E. Jenner (1796): Developed the first vaccine against smallpox.
- C. Chamberland (1884): Discovered the filterable nature of rabies viruses.
- D. Ivanowski (1892): Discovered the filterable nature of Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV).
- Twort and D'Herelle (1915, 1917): Discovered bacteriophages.
- W. M. Stanley (1935): Isolated, purified, and crystallized TMV.
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