Medical Virology
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Questions and Answers

What is the bioscience that studies viral nature and the relationship between viruses and hosts?

  • Parasitology
  • Virology (correct)
  • Immunology
  • Bacteriology

When did the concept of virulation originate, according to the text?

  • 1000 yrs. BC in China (correct)
  • 5th century in Africa
  • 18th century in Europe
  • 20th century in America

What type of parasites are viruses considered to be?

  • Endoparasites
  • Ectoparasites
  • Extracellular parasites
  • Obligate intracellular parasites (correct)

Which century saw the discovery of bacteriophages, viruses that attack bacteria?

<p>19th century (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of genome can viruses have based on the text?

<p>Both RNA and DNA simultaneously (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about viruses is true?

<p>Viruses do not move or grow. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of viruses in terms of reproduction?

<p>Viruses rely on host cell processes for replication. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are viruses different from bacteria in terms of size?

<p>Bacteria are generally smaller than the largest viruses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is essential for viruses to survive in nature?

<p>Infectious nature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method can be used to measure the sizes of viruses?

<p>Electron microscopy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered transposons in 1950?

<p>Barbara McClintock (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hypothesis proposes that viruses may have evolved from complex molecules at the same time as cells first appeared on Earth?

<p>Coevolution hypothesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do viroids interact with in host cells for their replication?

<p>Host machinery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the escape hypothesis not explain the complex capsids and other structures on virus particles?

<p>It required host cells for the virus origin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has led modern virologists to reconsider and re-evaluate classical hypotheses about viruses?

<p>Discovery of ancient viruses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the regressive hypothesis, what is the proposed origin of viruses?

<p>Viruses may have once been small cells that parasitized larger cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What lends support to the regressive hypothesis of virus origin?

<p>Rickettsia and Chlamydia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which shape is associated with Filoviridae and Rhabdoviridae viruses?

<p>Bullet-shaped (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cellular origin hypothesis of viruses?

<p>Bits of DNA or RNA escaped from larger organisms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of viruses are suggested to have originated from plasmids or transposons?

<p>Poxviruses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the bioscience focused on studying viral nature and the relationship between viruses and hosts?

<p>Virology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did virology originate?

<p>1000 yrs. BC in China (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes viruses as mentioned in the text?

<p>Inert filterable agents requiring a host cell for energy and protein synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of parasites are viruses classified as in microbiology?

<p>Obligate intracellular parasites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which century witnessed the discovery of bacteriophages, viruses that attack bacteria?

<p>19th century (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of viruses in terms of their ability to multiply?

<p>Viruses rely on host cell processes for multiplication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between viruses and unicellular organisms according to the text?

<p>Viruses are known to infect a wide range of unicellular organisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do viruses differ from bacteria in terms of growth and reproduction?

<p>Viruses reproduce but do not grow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can some bacteria be smaller than the largest viruses according to the text?

<p>Bacteria can pass through filters that hold back viruses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a method commonly used for analyzing the sizes of viruses according to the text?

<p>Electron microscopy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the alternative name for the vagrancy hypothesis regarding virus origins?

<p>Escape Hypothesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the regressive hypothesis not considered a valid explanation for the origin of viruses?

<p>It does not explain the complex capsids of viruses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hypothesis suggests that viruses evolved concurrently with the appearance of cells on Earth, depending on cellular life for billions of years?

<p>Virus-First Hypothesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do viroids differ from viruses?

<p>Viroids interact with the host cell for replication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the virus-first hypothesis contradict the definition of viruses according to the text?

<p>It assumes viruses do not require host cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the regressive hypothesis suggest about the origin of viruses?

<p>Viruses originated from small cells that parasitized larger cells and lost unnecessary genes over time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do rickettsia and chlamydia lend support to the regressive hypothesis of virus origin?

<p>Their dependence on parasitism likely led to gene loss similar to viruses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the cellular origin hypothesis, where could the escaped DNA that gave rise to some viruses have come from?

<p>Transposons or plasmids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between bacteria like rickettsia and chlamydia and viruses according to the text?

<p>Bacteria can survive both inside and outside host cells, while viruses can only reproduce inside host cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the shape of Filoviridae and Rhabdoviridae viruses?

<p>Bullet-shaped (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the alternative name for the escape hypothesis in virus origins?

<p>Vagrancy hypothesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the regressive hypothesis fail to provide a valid explanation for the origin of viruses?

<p>It could not explain why even the smallest cellular parasites do not resemble viruses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major limitation of the virus-first hypothesis regarding virus origins?

<p>It contradicted the definition of viruses by requiring host cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the escape hypothesis not align with the presence of complex capsids and other structures on virus particles?

<p>It overlooked the role of transposons in virus origins. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to describe viroids' dependency on host machinery for replication?

<p>Satellites virus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do viroids differ from viruses in terms of protein coding?

<p>Viroids lack protein-coding genes, unlike viruses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to modern virologists, what has led to a re-evaluation of classical hypotheses about viruses?

<p>The recognition of viruses as ancient entities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was the regressive hypothesis unable to explain why even the smallest cellular parasites do not resemble viruses?

<p>It did not address the absence of complex capsids on virus particles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What historical significance do transposons hold in the context of virology?

<p>They are considered a form of ancient viruses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sets viroids apart from traditional viral particles in terms of their interaction with host cells?

<p>Viroids utilize host machinery for replication without coding proteins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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