Medical Virology
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Questions and Answers

What is the bioscience that studies viral nature and the relationship between viruses and hosts?

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Genetics
  • Virology (correct)

When did the concept of virulation originate according to the text?

  • In the Middle Ages
  • In the 20th century
  • 500 years BC
  • 1000 years BC (correct)

Which type of parasites are viruses according to the text?

  • Intracellular parasites (correct)
  • Extracellular parasites
  • Parasites with chlorophyll
  • Autoimmune parasites

What is the primary genetic material found in viruses based on the text?

<p>Both RNA and DNA simultaneously (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with discovering viruses in the year 1892 according to the text?

<p>Dmitri Ivanovsky (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of bacteriophages mentioned in the text?

<p>Studying molecular biology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of viruses according to the text?

<p>Viruses reproduce (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about viruses is true based on the text?

<p>Viruses vary greatly in structure and genome organization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a method used to measure the sizes of viruses as mentioned in the text?

<p>X-ray crystallography (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key requirement for viruses to endure in nature?

<p>Being able to produce host cell components (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viruses according to the text?

<p>Viruses respire actively (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a feature of the size of small viruses as per the text?

<p>$&lt;30$ capsomeres (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered transposons in 1950?

<p>Barbara McClintock (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for the virus-first hypothesis?

<p>Escape hypothesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do viroids interact with in host cells for their replication?

<p>Host machinery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the regressive hypothesis fail to explain the nature of viruses?

<p>It did not explain complex capsids on virus particles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What led modern virologists to reconsider classical hypotheses about virus origins?

<p>Recognition of ancient virus origins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do viroids not code for?

<p>Proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin hypothesis that suggests viruses may have once been small cells parasitizing larger cells?

<p>Regressive hypothesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus family is associated with brick-shaped viruses?

<p>Poxviridae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proposed origin of some viruses according to the cellular origin hypothesis?

<p>Escape from larger organism genes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus shape is described as tadpole-shaped?

<p>Bullet-shaped (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which living cells are cited as lending support to the regressive hypothesis of virus origin due to their dependence on parasitism?

<p>Bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the regressive hypothesis, what led to the loss of genes in viruses over time?

<p>Reduction in gene requirements for parasitism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with the discovery of transposons in 1950?

<p>Barbara McClintock (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the other name for the virus-first hypothesis mentioned in the text?

<p>Vagrancy hypothesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the regressive hypothesis fail to explain the nature of viruses according to the text?

<p>It couldn't account for the complex capsids on virus particles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do viroids interact with in host cells for their replication?

<p>Ribosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are viroids different from viruses according to the text?

<p>Viroids do not code for proteins. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the size of small viruses as per the text?

<p>They are smaller than bacteriophages. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the cellular origin hypothesis, why would viruses have been dependent on cellular life for billions of years?

<p>To use cellular machinery for replication. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the escape hypothesis not explain the complex capsids and other structures on virus particles?

<p>'It assumed viruses evolved independently from cells.' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hypothesis, also known as the virus-first hypothesis, suggests that viruses may have evolved from complex molecules at the same time as cells first appeared on Earth?

<p>Coevolution hypothesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the escape hypothesis fail to explain the complex capsids and other structures found on virus particles?

<p>It contradicted the definition of viruses that require host cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to modern virologists, what has led to the reconsideration of classical hypotheses regarding virus origins?

<p>Recognition of viruses as ancient. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the regressive hypothesis fail to explain about even the smallest cellular parasites?

<p>Their lack of resemblance to viruses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do viroids interact with host cells and use host machinery for replication despite not coding for proteins?

<p>To ensure their own replication and survival. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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