Medical Virology
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Questions and Answers

What is the bioscience that studies viral nature and the relationship between viruses and hosts?

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Genetics
  • Virology (correct)

    • When did the concept of virulation originate according to the text?

  • In the Middle Ages
  • In the 20th century
  • 500 years BC
  • 1000 years BC (correct)

    • Which type of parasites are viruses according to the text?

  • Intracellular parasites (correct)
  • Extracellular parasites
  • Parasites with chlorophyll
  • Autoimmune parasites

    • What is the primary genetic material found in viruses based on the text?

    <p>Both RNA and DNA simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with discovering viruses in the year 1892 according to the text?

    <p>Dmitri Ivanovsky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of bacteriophages mentioned in the text?

    <p>Studying molecular biology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of viruses according to the text?

    <p>Viruses reproduce</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about viruses is true based on the text?

    <p>Viruses vary greatly in structure and genome organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a method used to measure the sizes of viruses as mentioned in the text?

    <p>X-ray crystallography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key requirement for viruses to endure in nature?

    <p>Being able to produce host cell components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viruses according to the text?

    <p>Viruses respire actively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature of the size of small viruses as per the text?

    <p>$&lt;30$ capsomeres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who discovered transposons in 1950?

    <p>Barbara McClintock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for the virus-first hypothesis?

    <p>Escape hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do viroids interact with in host cells for their replication?

    <p>Host machinery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did the regressive hypothesis fail to explain the nature of viruses?

    <p>It did not explain complex capsids on virus particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led modern virologists to reconsider classical hypotheses about virus origins?

    <p>Recognition of ancient virus origins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do viroids not code for?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin hypothesis that suggests viruses may have once been small cells parasitizing larger cells?

    <p>Regressive hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus family is associated with brick-shaped viruses?

    <p>Poxviridae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proposed origin of some viruses according to the cellular origin hypothesis?

    <p>Escape from larger organism genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus shape is described as tadpole-shaped?

    <p>Bullet-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which living cells are cited as lending support to the regressive hypothesis of virus origin due to their dependence on parasitism?

    <p>Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the regressive hypothesis, what led to the loss of genes in viruses over time?

    <p>Reduction in gene requirements for parasitism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with the discovery of transposons in 1950?

    <p>Barbara McClintock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the other name for the virus-first hypothesis mentioned in the text?

    <p>Vagrancy hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did the regressive hypothesis fail to explain the nature of viruses according to the text?

    <p>It couldn't account for the complex capsids on virus particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do viroids interact with in host cells for their replication?

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are viroids different from viruses according to the text?

    <p>Viroids do not code for proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the size of small viruses as per the text?

    <p>They are smaller than bacteriophages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the cellular origin hypothesis, why would viruses have been dependent on cellular life for billions of years?

    <p>To use cellular machinery for replication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did the escape hypothesis not explain the complex capsids and other structures on virus particles?

    <p>'It assumed viruses evolved independently from cells.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hypothesis, also known as the virus-first hypothesis, suggests that viruses may have evolved from complex molecules at the same time as cells first appeared on Earth?

    <p>Coevolution hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did the escape hypothesis fail to explain the complex capsids and other structures found on virus particles?

    <p>It contradicted the definition of viruses that require host cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to modern virologists, what has led to the reconsideration of classical hypotheses regarding virus origins?

    <p>Recognition of viruses as ancient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the regressive hypothesis fail to explain about even the smallest cellular parasites?

    <p>Their lack of resemblance to viruses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do viroids interact with host cells and use host machinery for replication despite not coding for proteins?

    <p>To ensure their own replication and survival.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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