14 Questions
Match the following stages of virus replication with their corresponding descriptions:
Penetration = The process of the viral genome entering the host cell Uncoating = The release of the viral genome from its protein coat Assembly = The formation of new viral particles Release = The exit of new viral particles from the host cell
Match the following stages of membrane penetration effect with their corresponding descriptions:
Endocytosis = Taken up into endosome Trafficking of nucleocapsid/virus particle/DNA strand = into the nucleus Attachment = Binding of viral attachment protein to receptor protein on host cell membrane Fusion of membranes/lysis of endosome = Acidification of endosome leads to conformational shift in HA
Match the following
Genome replication = @ NUCLEUS Transcription = production of mRNA from DNA @ NUCLEUS Translation = Production of viral structural proteins and non-structural proteins from mRNA at CYTOPLASM Assembly of new virus particles = @CYTOPLASM
Match the following stages of virus replication with the correct order in the replication process:
Transcription = 1 Genome replication = 3 Translation = 2 Lysis = 5
Match the following viruses with the correct method of release from infected cells:
Influenza = Budding FMDV = Lysis CPV = Lysis Rotavirus = Lysis and budding
Match the following viruses with the corresponding receptor
Canine parvovirus = Transferrin receptors Influenza A = Sialic acid SARS-CoV-2 = ACE-2 receptor
Attachment is the first interaction between host and virus, thus is the only determinant of tropism
False
The cell membrane is a major barrier to virus entry
True
Ribosome of host cell is involved in viral replication
True
mRNA translates into 1 long protein, which will be cleaved into smaller units or remain intact to form new viral proteins.
True
All DNA viruses replicate in the nucleus and all RNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm.
False
Which of the following is not a site envelope viruses exits via budding
through the endothelium
Enveloped viruses must carry lipid producing enzyme to form the envelope
False
Naked virus can only exit through lytic egress/lysis.
False
Study Notes
Virus Replication
- Acidification of the endosome triggers a conformational change in the virus proteins, allowing them to escape the endosome through fusion or lysis.
- The replication of viruses involves the following stages: attachment, penetration, uncoating, transcription, translation, genome replication, assembly, and release.
Stages of Virus Replication
- Attachment: The virus attaches to specific receptors on the surface of the host cell.
- Penetration: The virus enters the host cell through fusion or endocytosis.
- Uncoating: The viral genome is released from the protein capsid.
- Transcription: The viral genome is transcribed into mRNA.
- Translation: The mRNA is translated into viral proteins.
- Genome replication: The viral genome is replicated.
- Assembly: New virus particles are assembled.
- Release: The new virus particles are released from the host cell through lysis or budding.
Characteristics of Viruses
- Viruses are not considered living cells because they require a host cell to replicate.
- Viruses are composed of a protein shell (capsid) and a genome (RNA or DNA).
- Viruses can be enveloped or non-enveloped.
- Enveloped viruses exit the host cell through budding, while non-enveloped viruses exit through lysis.
Effects of Virus Infection on Host Cells
- Virus infection can have severe consequences for cells grown in culture, including cell lysis, rounding and detachment, formation of giant multi-nucleated cells (syncytia), and programmed cell death (apoptosis).
Test your knowledge of the virus replication process, including the stages of replication in a host cell, how viruses are cultured in a laboratory.
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