Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was the primary aim of the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)?
What was the primary aim of the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)?
- To establish a database for viral genome sequences.
- To classify viruses based on their pathogenicity alone.
- To develop, refine and maintain a universal virus taxonomy. (correct)
- To conduct research on the treatment of viral infections.
Which of the following is NOT a phenotypic characteristic considered in the ICTV classification?
Which of the following is NOT a phenotypic characteristic considered in the ICTV classification?
- Virion/capsid structure
- Pathogenicity
- Molecular composition of the genome (correct)
- Host range
Which classification system was developed by David Baltimore?
Which classification system was developed by David Baltimore?
- International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses
- Federation of European Microbiology Societies
- World Health Organization Viral Classification
- Baltimore System of Virus Classification (correct)
How many realms and kingdoms are recognized in the ICTV classification as of 2020?
How many realms and kingdoms are recognized in the ICTV classification as of 2020?
Which of the following is a genotypic characteristic considered for virus classification?
Which of the following is a genotypic characteristic considered for virus classification?
What is one reason viruses are named based on their host organisms?
What is one reason viruses are named based on their host organisms?
Which of the following is NOT a method of naming viruses mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT a method of naming viruses mentioned?
What was one consequence of the lack of a consistent naming system for viruses by the 1960s?
What was one consequence of the lack of a consistent naming system for viruses by the 1960s?
Which of the following methods is NOT part of the taxonomy for viruses?
Which of the following methods is NOT part of the taxonomy for viruses?
What does the term 'cytopathology' refer to in the context of virus naming?
What does the term 'cytopathology' refer to in the context of virus naming?
Why might a virus be named based on the way people believed it was contracted?
Why might a virus be named based on the way people believed it was contracted?
Which of the following is an example of a virus named after a specific disease?
Which of the following is an example of a virus named after a specific disease?
What is a major challenge in the classification of viruses?
What is a major challenge in the classification of viruses?
Study Notes
Virus Nomenclature
- Historically inconsistent, viruses were named based on:
- Host organism
- Geographic location of isolation
- Discoverer
- Disease caused
- Body site of isolation
- Perceived method of contraction
- Cytopathology during infection
- Combination of these factors
Virus Taxonomy
- Two main methods for classifying viruses:
- International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV): Established in 1966, originally focused on naming, rebranded in 1971.
- Baltimore System of Virus Classification: Developed by Nobel Prize winner (1975) David Baltimore
ICTV Classification Criteria
- Aims to create a universal taxonomy for viruses affecting plants, animals, and bacteria.
- Focuses on characteristics that differentiate viruses:
- Phenotypic:
- Genome composition
- Virion/capsid structure
- Presence of an envelope
- Host range
- Pathogenicity
- Genotypic:
- Sequence similarity
- Gene content
- Gene synteny (order)
- Gene expression system
- Phylogenetic relationships
- Phenotypic:
Monkeypox Virus Classification Example
- Phenotypic characteristics used in classification:
- Natural host ranges (determining subfamily)
- How the virus grows and affects cells
- Plague characteristics (morphology of pocks)
- Disease characteristics (mortality and morbidity)
- Serological criteria (neutralization tests, cross-protection in animals)
- Genotypic characteristics used:
- Amino acid sequence identity (in hemagglutinin or A-type inclusion protein)
- Nucleotide sequence identity (between different species)
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Description
Explore the historical methods of naming viruses and the current classification systems used today. This quiz covers the ICTV criteria, the Baltimore classification, and the characteristics that differentiate various viruses. Test your knowledge on virus taxonomy and nomenclature principles.
