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Questions and Answers
Virus isolation requires a minimum of three days for completion.
Virus isolation requires a minimum of three days for completion.
False
Cultured cells are the least commonly used substrate for virus cultivation.
Cultured cells are the least commonly used substrate for virus cultivation.
False
Embryonated chicken eggs are no longer used for virus isolation since the development of cell culture techniques.
Embryonated chicken eggs are no longer used for virus isolation since the development of cell culture techniques.
False
Specific pathogen-free eggs (SPF) are recommended for virus isolation and vaccine production.
Specific pathogen-free eggs (SPF) are recommended for virus isolation and vaccine production.
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The isolation of viruses using commercial eggs is encouraged due to lower costs.
The isolation of viruses using commercial eggs is encouraged due to lower costs.
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Virus inoculation can be done through multiple routes in embryonated chicken eggs.
Virus inoculation can be done through multiple routes in embryonated chicken eggs.
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Avian leucosis is an example of a virus that causes latent infections in eggs.
Avian leucosis is an example of a virus that causes latent infections in eggs.
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Rotavirus can replicate in acidic pH found in the stomach.
Rotavirus can replicate in acidic pH found in the stomach.
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The main advantage of using embryonated eggs for virus isolation is their immune system support.
The main advantage of using embryonated eggs for virus isolation is their immune system support.
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The rabies virus can replicate due to the presence of catecholamines in nervous tissues.
The rabies virus can replicate due to the presence of catecholamines in nervous tissues.
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Enteroviruses are classified as neurotropic viruses.
Enteroviruses are classified as neurotropic viruses.
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Specimens for laboratory testing should be collected in non-sterile vessels.
Specimens for laboratory testing should be collected in non-sterile vessels.
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Specimens should be transported in ice boxes if ambient temperatures are high and transit time is longer than one day.
Specimens should be transported in ice boxes if ambient temperatures are high and transit time is longer than one day.
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Liquid nitrogen is used for the long-term preservation of virus samples.
Liquid nitrogen is used for the long-term preservation of virus samples.
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Lyophilized materials can be stored at room temperature.
Lyophilized materials can be stored at room temperature.
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Deep freezers set at -70°C are used for virus sample preservation for weeks to a few months.
Deep freezers set at -70°C are used for virus sample preservation for weeks to a few months.
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Cryovials are used for preservation of cultured cells.
Cryovials are used for preservation of cultured cells.
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Trypsin solution has a concentration of 0.5%.
Trypsin solution has a concentration of 0.5%.
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Open systems require a CO₂ incubator to maintain cell viability.
Open systems require a CO₂ incubator to maintain cell viability.
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Plastic petri dishes are available only in small sizes.
Plastic petri dishes are available only in small sizes.
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Sterile glass vessels can be reused after sterilization.
Sterile glass vessels can be reused after sterilization.
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Tissue culture vessels are only classified based on their size.
Tissue culture vessels are only classified based on their size.
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Serum is known to inhibit cell growth and multiplication.
Serum is known to inhibit cell growth and multiplication.
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Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is used as a preservative for cultured cells.
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is used as a preservative for cultured cells.
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Cages that contain infected animals should be disinfected and the carcasses should be incinerated.
Cages that contain infected animals should be disinfected and the carcasses should be incinerated.
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Clinical signs are irrelevant to the diagnosis of viral diseases.
Clinical signs are irrelevant to the diagnosis of viral diseases.
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Electron microscopy is a cost-effective method for virus diagnosis.
Electron microscopy is a cost-effective method for virus diagnosis.
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Detection of virus nucleic acids can be performed using techniques like PCR and RFLP.
Detection of virus nucleic acids can be performed using techniques like PCR and RFLP.
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A suitable serological test requires only one serum sample taken during the acute stage of the disease.
A suitable serological test requires only one serum sample taken during the acute stage of the disease.
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Ideal virology samples should be collected aseptically and as fresh as possible.
Ideal virology samples should be collected aseptically and as fresh as possible.
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A representative sample means collecting one sample from every 100 animals.
A representative sample means collecting one sample from every 100 animals.
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Seroconversion samples must show an antibody increase of 4X to indicate infection for all viruses.
Seroconversion samples must show an antibody increase of 4X to indicate infection for all viruses.
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Large coalescent pock lesions are caused by Marek's disease virus.
Large coalescent pock lesions are caused by Marek's disease virus.
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The incubation period for isolating Newcastle disease virus is 10-12 days.
The incubation period for isolating Newcastle disease virus is 10-12 days.
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Cell cultures were extensively used for virus isolation prior to the late 1940s.
Cell cultures were extensively used for virus isolation prior to the late 1940s.
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Infectious bronchitis virus can cause curling and dwarfing in embryos.
Infectious bronchitis virus can cause curling and dwarfing in embryos.
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Serological tests such as HI and ELISA are used to identify the Influenza virus.
Serological tests such as HI and ELISA are used to identify the Influenza virus.
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Fowl poxvirus is associated with pin headed pock lesions.
Fowl poxvirus is associated with pin headed pock lesions.
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The technique of cultivating cells on a solid surface was developed in the early 1900s.
The technique of cultivating cells on a solid surface was developed in the early 1900s.
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Serum neutralization test (SNT) is one of the serological tests used for viral identification.
Serum neutralization test (SNT) is one of the serological tests used for viral identification.
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The haemocytometer is used to measure the temperature during the tissue culture process.
The haemocytometer is used to measure the temperature during the tissue culture process.
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Trypsinization is the process aimed at separating individual cells from tissue.
Trypsinization is the process aimed at separating individual cells from tissue.
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The supernatant is discarded after centrifugation to keep the cell pellet.
The supernatant is discarded after centrifugation to keep the cell pellet.
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Antitrypsinization is intended to promote the action of trypsin on the cells.
Antitrypsinization is intended to promote the action of trypsin on the cells.
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Fetal calf serum is added to the receiving flask to facilitate the trypsinization process.
Fetal calf serum is added to the receiving flask to facilitate the trypsinization process.
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The minced tissue is washed three times in the same dish to eliminate contaminants.
The minced tissue is washed three times in the same dish to eliminate contaminants.
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Cells are counted in the central small squares of the haemocytometer.
Cells are counted in the central small squares of the haemocytometer.
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A magnetic stirrer is used to mix the trypsin solution with the minced flesh.
A magnetic stirrer is used to mix the trypsin solution with the minced flesh.
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Study Notes
Laboratory Safety Precautions
- Microbiological labs must follow precautions to prevent accidental infections, cross-contamination, and the spread of infection to other areas or people.
- Accidental infections of lab workers have been reported in thousands of cases.
- Zoonotic diseases, which can spread from animals to humans, are a cause of lab-acquired infections.
Laboratory Safety Measures
- Eating, drinking, smoking, and applying cosmetics are prohibited in the lab.
- Unauthorized persons, especially children, are not allowed in the lab.
- Mouth pipetting is strictly forbidden to avoid accidental ingestion of contaminants.
- Wash hands upon entering and leaving the lab, after handling biological materials, and before touching eyes, nose, or mouth.
- Lab coats should be worn for cell culture or virus work, and should not be taken outside the lab.
- Label all materials with the user's name and contents.
- Contaminated materials should be placed in decontamination pans and autoclaved before disposal.
- Syringes and needles should be disposed of in sealed, autoclavable containers, and the caps should not be replaced.
- Stock solutions of suitable disinfectants should be available at each lab workstation.
- Spills must be cleaned immediately with the disinfectant.
- Cages containing infected animals must be disinfected or autoclaved.
- Infected animal carcasses and tissues must be properly bagged and incinerated.
- Biological materials should not be taken home from the lab.
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Description
This quiz examines key concepts in virus isolation techniques, focusing on the use of embryonated chicken eggs and cell cultures. It discusses the advantages and methods involved in cultivating viruses and the various routes for inoculation. Test your knowledge of virology and the practices involved in virus isolation.
