18 Questions
What is the primary role of antibodies in eliminating a viral infection?
Antibodies neutralize the virus and prevent it from infecting cells
How do cytotoxic T cells help eliminate virus-infected cells?
Cytotoxic T cells release cytotoxic factors that cause lysis or apoptosis of infected cells
What is the role of memory B and T cells in a secondary viral infection?
Memory cells quickly recognize the virus and mount a rapid and robust immune response to eliminate the infection
How do some viruses evade the immune system?
Viruses can produce complement control proteins that inhibit the activation of the complement system
How do some viruses inhibit apoptosis in infected cells?
Viruses can produce proteins that block the activation of caspases, which are essential for apoptosis
What is the role of immunosuppressive factors in viral infections?
Immunosuppressive factors can inhibit the activation and function of T cells, weakening the adaptive immune response against the virus
What is the primary function of natural killer (NK) cells in the immune response against viral infections?
NK cells recognize and kill infected cells by detecting changes in their surface molecules.
What is the primary role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in eliminating viral infections?
APCs capture viral antigens, process them, and present them to T cells to activate the adaptive immune response.
Which of the following is a key function of activated natural killer (NK) cells in the immune response against viral infections?
Releasing cytotoxic granules containing perforin and granzymes to induce apoptosis in target cells.
What is the primary role of cytokines produced by activated natural killer (NK) cells in the immune response against viral infections?
Cytokines like IFN-γ, TNF-α, and interleukins enhance antiviral activity and stimulate inflammation.
Which of the following is a key function of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the adaptive immune response against viral infections?
APCs capture viral antigens, process them, and present them to T cells to activate the adaptive immune response.
What is the primary function of the adaptive immune response in eliminating viral infections?
The adaptive immune response, driven by T cells and B cells, helps to eliminate virus-infected cells and neutralize viral particles.
How do viral anti-apoptotic proteins inhibit apoptosis in infected cells?
By blocking caspase activation
What is the role of adenovirus proteins in inhibiting apoptosis in infected cells?
Disrupting mitochondrial membrane integrity
How do some viruses interfere with immune cell function to reduce cytokine production?
Inducing apoptosis in immune cells
What is the main effect of viral complement control proteins on the apoptotic machinery?
Preventing caspase activation
How does Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) impact immune cells?
Induces immune cell apoptosis
What role do some viruses play in interfering with mitochondrial pathways to prevent apoptosis?
Disrupting mitochondrial membrane integrity
Learn about the role of T cells in eliminating virus infections. Explore how the adaptive immune system recognizes viral antigens and activates specialized cells like B cells and T cells to fight against foreign invaders.
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