Virus-induced Cell Changes Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of immunity involves antibodies neutralizing virus infectivity by preventing attachment to host cell receptors?

  • Phagocytosis
  • Humoral immunity (correct)
  • Interferons
  • Cell mediated immunity

In which type of infection does IgA neutralize virus infectivity at mucosal surfaces?

  • Enterovirus
  • Rubella
  • Measles
  • Influenza (correct)

Which type of immunity requires the induction of cell mediated cytotoxicity mediated by cytotoxic T cells or NK cells?

  • Humoral immunity
  • Innate immunity
  • Adaptive immunity
  • Cell mediated immunity (correct)

Which process involves the direct killing of virus-infected cells by cytotoxic T cells?

<p>Cell mediated cytotoxicity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antibodies can neutralize viruses that pass through the bloodstream before reaching target organs?

<p>IgG and IgM (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is mainly effective on enveloped viruses by complement-mediated lysis?

<p>Antibodies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of bacteriophage tail fibers?

<p>To inject DNA into the host cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the lytic cycle does specific adsorption occur between the phage tail fibers and a receptor site on bacteria?

<p>Penetration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of a bacteriophage head?

<p>Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) and protein coat (capsid) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the eclipse phase of phage replication?

<p>No phage components detected in the cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In bacteriophage replication, what occurs after adsorption and before penetration?

<p>Capsid production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step in the lytic cycle determines the sensitivity of bacteria to different phages?

<p>Specific adsorption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a syncytium?

<p>A multinucleate cell resulting from multiple cell fusions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is a characteristic histological feature in virus-infected cells?

<p>Inclusion bodies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is pathognomonic for rabies in nerve cells?

<p>Negri body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of viruses induce new antigens on the cell surface?

<p>Enveloped viruses like herpesvirus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do viruses like measles and mumps cause to the chromosomes of host cells?

<p>Damage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a multinucleate cell that can result from multiple cell fusions?

<p>Syncytium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be seen in the electron microscope if the antibody is homologous to the virus?

<p>Aggregates of virus-antibody complexes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure is used for fluorescent antibody staining of the virus in infected cells?

<p>UV microscopy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be detected and identified by direct microscopic examination of clinical specimens?

<p>Inclusion bodies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody presence can be used to diagnose current viral infection?

<p>IgM antibodies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is increasingly becoming the 'gold standard' in viral diagnosis?

<p>Detection of viral DNA or RNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can't the presence of IgG antibodies be used to diagnose current viral infection?

<p>They indicate a past infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is used to detect enteroviruses by neutralizing viral infectivity?

<p>Neutralization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Hemagglutination Inhibition technique in virus detection?

<p>Identifying viruses that agglutinate red blood cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, what is bound to the surface to identify viruses in the patient's specimen?

<p>Known antibody (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique involves observing apple-green color under ultraviolet microscopy to detect infected cells?

<p>Fluorescent Antibody Assay (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the antigen and known antibody are homologous in Complement Fixation technique?

<p>Complement is fixed to the antigen-antibody complex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does Neutralization technique prevent viral infectivity?

<p>It blocks the virus from entering cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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