Virus-induced Cell Changes Quiz

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Which type of immunity involves antibodies neutralizing virus infectivity by preventing attachment to host cell receptors?

Phagocytosis

Humoral immunity (correct)

Interferons

Cell mediated immunity

In which type of infection does IgA neutralize virus infectivity at mucosal surfaces?

Enterovirus

Rubella

Measles

Influenza (correct)

Which type of immunity requires the induction of cell mediated cytotoxicity mediated by cytotoxic T cells or NK cells?

Humoral immunity

Innate immunity

Adaptive immunity

Cell mediated immunity (correct)

Which process involves the direct killing of virus-infected cells by cytotoxic T cells?

Cell mediated cytotoxicity Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antibodies can neutralize viruses that pass through the bloodstream before reaching target organs?

IgG and IgM Signup and view all the answers

Which component is mainly effective on enveloped viruses by complement-mediated lysis?

Antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of bacteriophage tail fibers?

To inject DNA into the host cell Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the lytic cycle does specific adsorption occur between the phage tail fibers and a receptor site on bacteria?

Penetration Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of a bacteriophage head?

Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) and protein coat (capsid) Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the eclipse phase of phage replication?

No phage components detected in the cell Signup and view all the answers

In bacteriophage replication, what occurs after adsorption and before penetration?

Capsid production Signup and view all the answers

Which step in the lytic cycle determines the sensitivity of bacteria to different phages?

Specific adsorption Signup and view all the answers

What is a syncytium?

A multinucleate cell resulting from multiple cell fusions Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is a characteristic histological feature in virus-infected cells?

Inclusion bodies Signup and view all the answers

What is pathognomonic for rabies in nerve cells?

Negri body Signup and view all the answers

Which type of viruses induce new antigens on the cell surface?

Enveloped viruses like herpesvirus Signup and view all the answers

What do viruses like measles and mumps cause to the chromosomes of host cells?

Damage Signup and view all the answers

What is a multinucleate cell that can result from multiple cell fusions?

Syncytium Signup and view all the answers

What can be seen in the electron microscope if the antibody is homologous to the virus?

Aggregates of virus-antibody complexes Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure is used for fluorescent antibody staining of the virus in infected cells?

UV microscopy Signup and view all the answers

What can be detected and identified by direct microscopic examination of clinical specimens?

Inclusion bodies Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody presence can be used to diagnose current viral infection?

IgM antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What is increasingly becoming the 'gold standard' in viral diagnosis?

Detection of viral DNA or RNA Signup and view all the answers

Why can't the presence of IgG antibodies be used to diagnose current viral infection?

They indicate a past infection Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is used to detect enteroviruses by neutralizing viral infectivity?

Neutralization Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Hemagglutination Inhibition technique in virus detection?

Identifying viruses that agglutinate red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

In Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, what is bound to the surface to identify viruses in the patient's specimen?

Known antibody Signup and view all the answers

Which technique involves observing apple-green color under ultraviolet microscopy to detect infected cells?

Fluorescent Antibody Assay Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the antigen and known antibody are homologous in Complement Fixation technique?

Complement is fixed to the antigen-antibody complex Signup and view all the answers

Why does Neutralization technique prevent viral infectivity?

It blocks the virus from entering cells Signup and view all the answers