Virus Entry and Receptors

What is the role of the viral envelope?

Which proteins are involved in the initial contact with receptors on host cells?

What is the function of matrix proteins in enveloped viruses?

Which type of viruses have a defined external capsid and are referred to as naked capsid viruses?

What is the main role of non-structural proteins in viruses?

In which part of the viral life cycle do structural proteins play a key role?

Which type of symmetry do most viruses have in their capsid structure?

What is the role of spikes in enveloped viruses?

What is the role of T-cell activation in the viral life cycle?

Which of the following is a component of a typical virus?

What is the function of viral receptors and VAP found on a virus?

What is the classification of the Ebola virus in terms of its genetic material?

Which of the following is a type of viral symmetry?

What technique is commonly used to identify viruses in the lab?

What does serology refer to in the context of virology?

Which cellular process plays a role in phagocytosis of the human immune system during the viral life cycle?

Which protein on the surface of herpes simplex virus (HSV) mediates the initial attachment of virus particles to heparan sulfate moieties on host cell-surface proteoglycans?

Which receptor does gD bind to trigger membrane fusion for herpes simplex virus (HSV) entry?

Which of the following is the receptor for parvovirus B19 entry into erythroid precursor cells?

Which cell type expresses high levels of P antigen receptor but lacks α5β1 integrin coreceptor, thus allowing parvovirus B19 binding but not viral entry?

Which type of viruses enter cells by direct fusion mechanism, where the viral envelope fuses with the plasma membrane of the host cells?

Which viral protein is involved in the entry of influenza virus by binding to sialic acid receptors on respiratory epithelial cells?

Which protein mediates the attachment and entry of rabies virus into neurons and muscle cells?

Which type of cell does rhinovirus specifically target for entry?

What is the first line of defense against viral infections?

What type of cells destroy virus-infected cells?

What is the first specific immune response after viral infection?

What is the method used to quantitate viruses by counting plaque-forming units?

Which laboratory technique involves the use of cell culture to grow viruses in-vitro?

What is the target molecule for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

What is the primary culture referred to in the growth of human viruses?

Which type of viruses are all DNA viruses, except Parvoviridae?

What is the main feature of negative sense viruses?

In viral pathogenesis, what aspect involves the complex interactions between viruses and hosts?

What is the main feature of innate defenses against damaging organisms and toxins?

Which factor plays an important role in determining the outcome of viral infection?

What is the capability of viruses to infect a discrete population of cells within an organ called?

What does viral virulence refer to?

Which type of host defense includes interferons, natural killer cells, and fever?