Virus Diseases in Agriculture

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Questions and Answers

Which viruses are among the most serious viruses attacking potato plants?

Potato leafroll virus (PLRV), potato virus S (PVS), potato virus X, and potato virus Y (PVY)

What are the annual yield losses caused by Plum pox virus (PPV) infection for plum and apricot in Europe?

1.5 million metric tons for plum and 0.6 million metric tons for apricot, approximately valuing at €5400 million and €3600 million for the former and latter in Europe

How much had been invested in research projects on PPV control in Europe by 2013?

Over €33 million

How are plant viruses transmitted?

By vegetative propagation from generation to generation and insect vectors from the virus-infected plants to the healthy ones Signup and view all the answers

What is the agricultural strategy for efficient control of viral diseases mentioned in the text?

Cultivation of virus-free plants Signup and view all the answers

What are the yield losses caused by single infection of PLRV, PVS, PVX, and PVY viruses in potato plants?

40–60% by PLRV, 10–20% by PVS, 10–50% by PVX, and 20–50% by PVY Signup and view all the answers

What is the technique that combines chemotherapy with thermotherapy and shoot tip culture for virus eradication?

Combining chemotherapy with thermotherapy and shoot tip culture Signup and view all the answers

What were the concentrations of ribavirin used for virus eradication in the mentioned technique?

20–50 mg L−1 Signup and view all the answers

Which herbaceous crops were mentioned to undergo virus eradication using the combination of chemotherapy with thermotherapy?

Apple, oca, ulluco, arracacha Signup and view all the answers

What is micrografting referred to in the context of virus eradication?

The placement of a small meristem or a section of microshoot onto the top of a rootstock cultured in vitro Signup and view all the answers

Who were the first to use micrografting for virus eradication from diseased citrus in vitro cultures?

Murashige et al. and Navarro et al. Signup and view all the answers

What virus was successfully eradicated in 7 out of 8 accessions of arracacha, oca, and ulluco using the combined technique of chemotherapy with thermotherapy?

Arracacha virus B (AVB), papaya mosaic virus (PapMV), ullucus mild mottle virus (UMMV) Signup and view all the answers

What were the temperatures used for thermotherapy in the technique of virus eradication from diseased in vitro apple shoots?

Constant temperature of 36 °C Signup and view all the answers

What viruses were the shoots regenerated from the treated apple shoots free of, after combining chemotherapy with thermotherapy?

Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) and ASGV Signup and view all the answers

Explain the process of thermotherapy for virus eradication in plants.

Thermotherapy involves heating infected in vitro cultures to specific temperature and duration, depending on virus type and plant species. Higher temperatures and longer exposure durations result in higher virus-eradication frequency. It is often followed by shoot tip culture for virus-free plant production. Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of economically important crops that benefit from the use of virus-free plants for controlling viral diseases?

Examples of economically important crops that benefit from the use of virus-free plants for controlling viral diseases include tuber crops, fruit trees, and herbaceous ornamentals. Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the effectiveness of thermotherapy-based methods for virus eradication.

Thermotherapy-based methods, such as shoot tip culture, micrografting, chemotherapy, and thermotherapy, are widely used for the production of virus-free plants. Thermotherapy-based methods, especially those that combine heat-treatment with other methods, are reported to be more effective for virus eradication than single-use methods. Signup and view all the answers

What are the successful examples of virus eradication by thermotherapy followed by shoot tip culture?

Successful examples of virus eradication by thermotherapy followed by shoot tip culture include grapevine, potato, and soybean. Signup and view all the answers

How does the choice of thermotherapy regime impact virus eradication frequency?

The choice of thermotherapy regime determines the survival and virus eradication frequency. Higher temperatures and longer exposure durations result in higher virus-eradication frequency. Signup and view all the answers

What are some future prospects proposed in the study for thermotherapy-based methods for virus eradication?

The study proposes future prospects to direct further studies in thermotherapy-based methods for virus eradication, including discussing the mechanisms of thermotherapy-based methods and exploring the survival and regeneration rates depending on plant species and virus type. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

In 1968, EU council directive mandated phytosanitary requirements for propagative materials of fruit crops
Virus-free plants widely used for controlling viral diseases in economically important crops like tuber crops, fruit trees, and herbaceous ornamentals
In vitro culture techniques, such as shoot tip culture, micrografting, chemotherapy, thermotherapy, and shoot tip cryotherapy, used for production of virus-free plants
Thermotherapy-based methods, which combine heat-treatment with other methods, more effective for virus eradication than single use of methods
Thermotherapy involves heating infected in vitro cultures to specific temperature and duration, depending on virus type and plant species
Shoot tip culture is a thermotherapy-based method that includes thermotherapy of diseased in vitro shoots followed by shoot tip culture
Thermotherapy followed by shoot tip culture reported to eradicate grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GLRaV-1) and grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV)
Thermotherapy followed by shoot tip culture also reported to eradicate PVY from infected potato
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) still difficult to eradicate by thermotherapy followed by shoot tip culture
Thermotherapy followed by shoot tip culture most frequently used method for virus eradication from herbaceous crops and woody species
Successful examples of virus eradication by thermotherapy followed by shoot tip culture include grapevine, potato, and soybean
Choice of thermotherapy regime determines survival and virus eradication frequency
Higher the temperature and longer the exposure duration, the higher the virus-eradication frequency
In vitro shoots heat-treated and then subjected to shoot tip culture for virus-free plant production
Survival and regeneration rates vary depending on plant species and virus type
Heat-treatment inactivates virus, allowing production of virus-free plants
Mechanisms of thermotherapy-based methods for virus eradication discussed in the study
Future prospects proposed to direct further studies in thermotherapy-based methods for virus eradication.

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Description

Learn about the impact of virus diseases on crop yield and the necessity to produce virus-free plants for sustainable agricultural development. Explore the effects of specific viruses like PLRV, PVS, PVX, and PVY on potato plants.