Virulence Factors Quiz (BMS Learning Outcomes)

<p>To activate a large number of T-cells excessively (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binding of viral proteins to host cell receptors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows viruses to evade the immune system by changing surface proteins. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A-B toxins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It disrupts normal cellular function leading to diarrhea. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Septic shock (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Molecules produced by pathogens that help them cause infection and disease. They include adhesins for attaching to host cells, exoenzymes for breaking down tissues, and toxins for damaging cells.

Proteins secreted by bacteria that damage host cells. They can be highly specific, targeting a particular cell type or function.

Toxins embedded in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. They trigger a general inflammatory response, which can lead to fever and even septic shock.

Exotoxins that enter cells and disrupt specific functions, often by interfering with protein synthesis or blocking nerve signals.

Exotoxins that damage host cell membranes by creating holes or breaking down lipids, leading to cell death.

Exotoxins that trigger an exaggerated immune response by activating many T-cells, releasing a large amount of inflammatory cytokines.

Viral proteins that bind to specific receptors on host cells, allowing the virus to attach and enter.

The ability of viruses to change their surface proteins, making it difficult for the immune system to recognize and attack them.

A viral protein that binds to sialic acid on respiratory cells, allowing influenza to infect the lungs.

A viral protein that binds to CD4 and co-receptors on immune cells, enabling HIV to infect these cells.