Virology Quiz: Envelope Viruses and Clinical Manifestations
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of patients exhibit flu-like symptoms?

  • About 25% (correct)
  • Almost 100%
  • More than 50%
  • Less than 1%

    • Which of the following is a rare complication of poliovirus infection?

  • Paresthesia
  • Paralysis
  • Arm paralysis (correct)
  • Meningitis

    • What is the primary means of entry for poliovirus?

  • Through the eyes
  • Through the mouth (correct)
  • Through the nose
  • Through skin lesions

    • What is the approximate percentage of the genome that consists of RNA?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common serotype of poliovirus?

    <p>Type 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a method used by the CDC for poliovirus testing?

    <p>Blood typing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site for viral replication in the body?

    <p>Oropharynx and GIT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal timing for detecting poliovirus in a patient's sample?

    <p>When the patient is showing signs and symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following Picornaviridae genera is responsible for foot-and-mouth disease?

    <p>Apthovirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical route of invasion for Picornaviridae?

    <p>Local lymphoid tissue → Bloodstream → CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of Picornavirus infection in the CNS?

    <p>Destruction of motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate diameter of the Enterovirus?

    <p>28–30 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the length of the Enterovirus RNA genome?

    <p>7500 nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of VP4 in the Enterovirus?

    <p>Internal protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecular weight of the Enterovirus RNA genome?

    <p>2.5 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many polypeptides are cleaved from the large precursor polyprotein in the Enterovirus?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most sensitive method for detecting nucleic acid in morbillivirus?

    <p>RT-PCR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the virus in morbillivirus that makes it necessary to inoculate immediately during culture?

    <p>It is thermolabile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary system affected by the virus during the initial viremia phase?

    <p>Reticuloendothelial system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the virus replicating in the reticuloendothelial system?

    <p>Secondary viremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the secondary viremia on the body?

    <p>It leads to the infection of epithelial surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the maculopapular rash in morbillivirus?

    <p>It is a characteristic of hard measles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the MMR vaccine?

    <p>To prevent measles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the effective vaccination program for morbillivirus?

    <p>A decrease in measles cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of measles virus entry into the body?

    <p>Respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of the measles virus life cycle where it infects immune cells and creates a viral breeding ground?

    <p>Further multiplies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of the measles virus life cycle does it spread throughout the body?

    <p>Primary viremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average duration of the incubation period for measles?

    <p>5-8 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of virus is responsible for causing measles?

    <p>Morbillivirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the measles virus initially replicate in the body?

    <p>Respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the measles virus infecting cells in the respiratory tract?

    <p>Viral replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the stage of the measles virus life cycle where the virus enters the bloodstream?

    <p>Primary viremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the virus after it replicates inside immune cells?

    <p>It travels through the lymphatic system to reach distant lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of subclinical mumps infections?

    <p>⅓</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most characteristic feature of symptomatic mumps cases?

    <p>Swollen salivary glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the test used to detect antibody rise in mumps diagnosis?

    <p>ELISA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the complication that occurs 5-7 days after the inflammation of salivary glands?

    <p>Meningoencephalitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of women who develop orchitis/oophoritis?

    <p>5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the presence of viruses in the bloodstream?

    <p>Viraemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the test used to detect and identify mumps viruses?

    <p>Hemagglutination Inhibition Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site where the measles virus undergoes secondary replication?

    <p>Reticuloendothelial system organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the measles virus that makes it necessary to inoculate immediately during culture?

    <p>It is thermolabile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of the secondary viremia on epithelial surfaces?

    <p>Maculopapular rash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for detecting nucleic acid in morbillivirus?

    <p>RT-PCR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the MMR vaccine?

    <p>To prevent measles infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary means of transmission for Rotavirus?

    <p>Fecal-oral route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the laboratory test used to confirm Rhinovirus infection?

    <p>RT-PCR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common symptom of Rotavirus infection?

    <p>Diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary immune response against Rotavirus?

    <p>IgM antibody response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most effective way to prevent Rotavirus infection?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which Enterovirus crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during CNS infection?

    <p>Via a receptor-mediated endocytosis process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the VPg protein in the Enterovirus genome?

    <p>Enabling viral replication by interacting with host cell factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of the paralysis caused by Poliovirus infection?

    <p>It is a result of damage to the motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the VP1, VP2, and VP3 proteins in the Enterovirus?

    <p>They are the primary antibody-binding sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the effectiveness of vaccination against Poliovirus infection?

    <p>The vaccine induces a strong and long-lasting immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which NSP4 induces secretion in enterocytes?

    <p>By activating a signaling pathway that doesn't involve calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of viral replication in the body?

    <p>Mature enterocytes in the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is rotavirus typically spread?

    <p>Through contaminated hands, surfaces, or close contact with an infected person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the viral replication and NSP4 activity on enterocytes?

    <p>The cells detach from the lining of the small intestine and are shed into the lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of rotavirus infection on the small intestine?

    <p>Secretion of fluids and electrolytes into the intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of initial replication of morbilliviruses?

    <p>Respiratory epithelia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following proteins is NOT involved in the formation of the viral envelope?

    <p>L (Large polymerase) protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of syncytium formation in morbillivirus infection?

    <p>Cytopathic effect leading to cell death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following measures is NOT a significant control measure for morbilliviruses?

    <p>Antiviral therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the protein complex involved in viral RNA synthesis?

    <p>P (Phosphoprotein) and L (Large polymerase) proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of rubella virus replication in the body?

    <p>Upper respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of the incubation period for rubella?

    <p>12 days or more</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary means of transmission for rubella?

    <p>Respiratory droplets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the presence of rubella virus in the bloodstream?

    <p>Viremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the rubella virus that makes it necessary to inoculate immediately during culture?

    <p>Single-stranded RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary immune response against rubella?

    <p>Humoral immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the laboratory test used to detect rubella virus?

    <p>ELISA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for preventing rubella infection?

    <p>Vaccination with attenuated live measles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the complication of rubella infection in pregnant women?

    <p>Congenital rubella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the high-risk population for rubella infection?

    <p>Unvaccinated children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of people with poliovirus infection exhibit flu-like symptoms?

    <p>About 25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of poliovirus replication in the body?

    <p>Oropharynx and GIT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of genome sequencing in poliovirus diagnosis?

    <p>To differentiate the serotypes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal timing for detecting poliovirus in a patient's sample?

    <p>When the patient shows signs and symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary means of transmission of poliovirus?

    <p>Through contaminated food and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

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