Virology Quiz: Envelope Viruses and Clinical Manifestations
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of patients exhibit flu-like symptoms?

  • About 25% (correct)
  • Almost 100%
  • More than 50%
  • Less than 1%

Which of the following is a rare complication of poliovirus infection?

  • Paresthesia
  • Paralysis
  • Arm paralysis (correct)
  • Meningitis

What is the primary means of entry for poliovirus?

  • Through the eyes
  • Through the mouth (correct)
  • Through the nose
  • Through skin lesions

What is the approximate percentage of the genome that consists of RNA?

<p>30% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common serotype of poliovirus?

<p>Type 1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a method used by the CDC for poliovirus testing?

<p>Blood typing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site for viral replication in the body?

<p>Oropharynx and GIT (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal timing for detecting poliovirus in a patient's sample?

<p>When the patient is showing signs and symptoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following Picornaviridae genera is responsible for foot-and-mouth disease?

<p>Apthovirus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical route of invasion for Picornaviridae?

<p>Local lymphoid tissue → Bloodstream → CNS (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome of Picornavirus infection in the CNS?

<p>Destruction of motor neurons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate diameter of the Enterovirus?

<p>28–30 nm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the length of the Enterovirus RNA genome?

<p>7500 nucleotides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of VP4 in the Enterovirus?

<p>Internal protein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular weight of the Enterovirus RNA genome?

<p>2.5 million (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many polypeptides are cleaved from the large precursor polyprotein in the Enterovirus?

<p>4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most sensitive method for detecting nucleic acid in morbillivirus?

<p>RT-PCR (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the virus in morbillivirus that makes it necessary to inoculate immediately during culture?

<p>It is thermolabile (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary system affected by the virus during the initial viremia phase?

<p>Reticuloendothelial system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the virus replicating in the reticuloendothelial system?

<p>Secondary viremia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the secondary viremia on the body?

<p>It leads to the infection of epithelial surfaces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the maculopapular rash in morbillivirus?

<p>It is a characteristic of hard measles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the MMR vaccine?

<p>To prevent measles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the effective vaccination program for morbillivirus?

<p>A decrease in measles cases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of measles virus entry into the body?

<p>Respiratory tract (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the stage of the measles virus life cycle where it infects immune cells and creates a viral breeding ground?

<p>Further multiplies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of the measles virus life cycle does it spread throughout the body?

<p>Primary viremia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average duration of the incubation period for measles?

<p>5-8 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of virus is responsible for causing measles?

<p>Morbillivirus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the measles virus initially replicate in the body?

<p>Respiratory tract (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the measles virus infecting cells in the respiratory tract?

<p>Viral replication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the stage of the measles virus life cycle where the virus enters the bloodstream?

<p>Primary viremia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the virus after it replicates inside immune cells?

<p>It travels through the lymphatic system to reach distant lymph nodes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of subclinical mumps infections?

<p>â…“ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most characteristic feature of symptomatic mumps cases?

<p>Swollen salivary glands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the test used to detect antibody rise in mumps diagnosis?

<p>ELISA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the complication that occurs 5-7 days after the inflammation of salivary glands?

<p>Meningoencephalitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of women who develop orchitis/oophoritis?

<p>5% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the presence of viruses in the bloodstream?

<p>Viraemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the test used to detect and identify mumps viruses?

<p>Hemagglutination Inhibition Test (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site where the measles virus undergoes secondary replication?

<p>Reticuloendothelial system organs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the measles virus that makes it necessary to inoculate immediately during culture?

<p>It is thermolabile (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of the secondary viremia on epithelial surfaces?

<p>Maculopapular rash (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method for detecting nucleic acid in morbillivirus?

<p>RT-PCR (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the MMR vaccine?

<p>To prevent measles infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary means of transmission for Rotavirus?

<p>Fecal-oral route (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the laboratory test used to confirm Rhinovirus infection?

<p>RT-PCR (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common symptom of Rotavirus infection?

<p>Diarrhea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary immune response against Rotavirus?

<p>IgM antibody response (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective way to prevent Rotavirus infection?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which Enterovirus crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during CNS infection?

<p>Via a receptor-mediated endocytosis process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the VPg protein in the Enterovirus genome?

<p>Enabling viral replication by interacting with host cell factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the paralysis caused by Poliovirus infection?

<p>It is a result of damage to the motor neurons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the VP1, VP2, and VP3 proteins in the Enterovirus?

<p>They are the primary antibody-binding sites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the effectiveness of vaccination against Poliovirus infection?

<p>The vaccine induces a strong and long-lasting immune response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which NSP4 induces secretion in enterocytes?

<p>By activating a signaling pathway that doesn't involve calcium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the site of viral replication in the body?

<p>Mature enterocytes in the small intestine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is rotavirus typically spread?

<p>Through contaminated hands, surfaces, or close contact with an infected person (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the viral replication and NSP4 activity on enterocytes?

<p>The cells detach from the lining of the small intestine and are shed into the lumen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of rotavirus infection on the small intestine?

<p>Secretion of fluids and electrolytes into the intestine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the site of initial replication of morbilliviruses?

<p>Respiratory epithelia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following proteins is NOT involved in the formation of the viral envelope?

<p>L (Large polymerase) protein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of syncytium formation in morbillivirus infection?

<p>Cytopathic effect leading to cell death (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following measures is NOT a significant control measure for morbilliviruses?

<p>Antiviral therapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the protein complex involved in viral RNA synthesis?

<p>P (Phosphoprotein) and L (Large polymerase) proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of rubella virus replication in the body?

<p>Upper respiratory tract (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of the incubation period for rubella?

<p>12 days or more (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary means of transmission for rubella?

<p>Respiratory droplets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the presence of rubella virus in the bloodstream?

<p>Viremia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the rubella virus that makes it necessary to inoculate immediately during culture?

<p>Single-stranded RNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary immune response against rubella?

<p>Humoral immunity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the laboratory test used to detect rubella virus?

<p>ELISA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method for preventing rubella infection?

<p>Vaccination with attenuated live measles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the complication of rubella infection in pregnant women?

<p>Congenital rubella (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the high-risk population for rubella infection?

<p>Unvaccinated children (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of people with poliovirus infection exhibit flu-like symptoms?

<p>About 25% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of poliovirus replication in the body?

<p>Oropharynx and GIT (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of genome sequencing in poliovirus diagnosis?

<p>To differentiate the serotypes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal timing for detecting poliovirus in a patient's sample?

<p>When the patient shows signs and symptoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary means of transmission of poliovirus?

<p>Through contaminated food and water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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