80 Questions
What percentage of patients exhibit flu-like symptoms?
About 25%
Which of the following is a rare complication of poliovirus infection?
Arm paralysis
What is the primary means of entry for poliovirus?
Through the mouth
What is the approximate percentage of the genome that consists of RNA?
30%
What is the most common serotype of poliovirus?
Type 1
Which of the following is not a method used by the CDC for poliovirus testing?
Blood typing
What is the primary site for viral replication in the body?
Oropharynx and GIT
What is the ideal timing for detecting poliovirus in a patient's sample?
When the patient is showing signs and symptoms
Which of the following Picornaviridae genera is responsible for foot-and-mouth disease?
Apthovirus
What is the typical route of invasion for Picornaviridae?
Local lymphoid tissue → Bloodstream → CNS
What is the primary outcome of Picornavirus infection in the CNS?
Destruction of motor neurons
What is the approximate diameter of the Enterovirus?
28–30 nm
What is the length of the Enterovirus RNA genome?
7500 nucleotides
What is the function of VP4 in the Enterovirus?
Internal protein
What is the molecular weight of the Enterovirus RNA genome?
2.5 million
How many polypeptides are cleaved from the large precursor polyprotein in the Enterovirus?
4
What is the most sensitive method for detecting nucleic acid in morbillivirus?
RT-PCR
What is the characteristic of the virus in morbillivirus that makes it necessary to inoculate immediately during culture?
It is thermolabile
What is the primary system affected by the virus during the initial viremia phase?
Reticuloendothelial system
What is the result of the virus replicating in the reticuloendothelial system?
Secondary viremia
What is the effect of the secondary viremia on the body?
It leads to the infection of epithelial surfaces
What is the characteristic of the maculopapular rash in morbillivirus?
It is a characteristic of hard measles
What is the purpose of the MMR vaccine?
To prevent measles
What is the result of the effective vaccination program for morbillivirus?
A decrease in measles cases
What is the primary site of measles virus entry into the body?
Respiratory tract
What is the stage of the measles virus life cycle where it infects immune cells and creates a viral breeding ground?
Further multiplies
During which stage of the measles virus life cycle does it spread throughout the body?
Primary viremia
What is the average duration of the incubation period for measles?
5-8 days
What type of virus is responsible for causing measles?
Morbillivirus
Where does the measles virus initially replicate in the body?
Respiratory tract
What is the result of the measles virus infecting cells in the respiratory tract?
Viral replication
What is the term for the stage of the measles virus life cycle where the virus enters the bloodstream?
Primary viremia
What happens to the virus after it replicates inside immune cells?
It travels through the lymphatic system to reach distant lymph nodes
What is the percentage of subclinical mumps infections?
⅓
What is the most characteristic feature of symptomatic mumps cases?
Swollen salivary glands
What is the name of the test used to detect antibody rise in mumps diagnosis?
ELISA
What is the complication that occurs 5-7 days after the inflammation of salivary glands?
Meningoencephalitis
What is the percentage of women who develop orchitis/oophoritis?
5%
What is the term for the presence of viruses in the bloodstream?
Viraemia
What is the name of the test used to detect and identify mumps viruses?
Hemagglutination Inhibition Test
What is the primary site where the measles virus undergoes secondary replication?
Reticuloendothelial system organs
What is the characteristic of the measles virus that makes it necessary to inoculate immediately during culture?
It is thermolabile
What is the primary consequence of the secondary viremia on epithelial surfaces?
Maculopapular rash
What is the primary method for detecting nucleic acid in morbillivirus?
RT-PCR
What is the primary purpose of the MMR vaccine?
To prevent measles infection
What is the primary means of transmission for Rotavirus?
Fecal-oral route
What is the laboratory test used to confirm Rhinovirus infection?
RT-PCR
What is the most common symptom of Rotavirus infection?
Diarrhea
What is the primary immune response against Rotavirus?
IgM antibody response
What is the most effective way to prevent Rotavirus infection?
All of the above
What is the primary mechanism by which Enterovirus crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during CNS infection?
Via a receptor-mediated endocytosis process
What is the primary role of the VPg protein in the Enterovirus genome?
Enabling viral replication by interacting with host cell factors
What is the characteristic feature of the paralysis caused by Poliovirus infection?
It is a result of damage to the motor neurons
What is the primary function of the VP1, VP2, and VP3 proteins in the Enterovirus?
They are the primary antibody-binding sites
What is the primary reason for the effectiveness of vaccination against Poliovirus infection?
The vaccine induces a strong and long-lasting immune response
What is the primary mechanism by which NSP4 induces secretion in enterocytes?
By activating a signaling pathway that doesn't involve calcium
What is the site of viral replication in the body?
Mature enterocytes in the small intestine
How is rotavirus typically spread?
Through contaminated hands, surfaces, or close contact with an infected person
What is the result of the viral replication and NSP4 activity on enterocytes?
The cells detach from the lining of the small intestine and are shed into the lumen
What is the primary effect of rotavirus infection on the small intestine?
Secretion of fluids and electrolytes into the intestine
What is the site of initial replication of morbilliviruses?
Respiratory epithelia
Which of the following proteins is NOT involved in the formation of the viral envelope?
L (Large polymerase) protein
What is the primary consequence of syncytium formation in morbillivirus infection?
Cytopathic effect leading to cell death
Which of the following measures is NOT a significant control measure for morbilliviruses?
Antiviral therapy
What is the name of the protein complex involved in viral RNA synthesis?
P (Phosphoprotein) and L (Large polymerase) proteins
What is the primary site of rubella virus replication in the body?
Upper respiratory tract
What is the duration of the incubation period for rubella?
12 days or more
What is the primary means of transmission for rubella?
Respiratory droplets
What is the term for the presence of rubella virus in the bloodstream?
Viremia
What is the characteristic of the rubella virus that makes it necessary to inoculate immediately during culture?
Single-stranded RNA
What is the primary immune response against rubella?
Humoral immunity
What is the laboratory test used to detect rubella virus?
ELISA
What is the primary method for preventing rubella infection?
Vaccination with attenuated live measles
What is the complication of rubella infection in pregnant women?
Congenital rubella
What is the high-risk population for rubella infection?
Unvaccinated children
What percentage of people with poliovirus infection exhibit flu-like symptoms?
About 25%
What is the primary site of poliovirus replication in the body?
Oropharynx and GIT
What is the purpose of genome sequencing in poliovirus diagnosis?
To differentiate the serotypes
What is the ideal timing for detecting poliovirus in a patient's sample?
When the patient shows signs and symptoms
What is the primary means of transmission of poliovirus?
Through contaminated food and water
Test your knowledge about viruses with envelopes, their characteristics, clinical manifestations, and complications. Learn about the symptoms, genome replication, and types of viruses. Assess your understanding of virology and its applications.
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