RNA Enveloped Viruses: Characteristics

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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic shape of the nucleocapsid of parainfluenza viruses?

  • Helical (correct)
  • Filamentous
  • Spherical
  • Icosahedral

Which age group is most commonly affected by croup caused by parainfluenza viruses?

  • Children between 5-10 years of age
  • Elderly people above 65 years of age
  • Children younger than 5 years of age (correct)
  • Adults between 20-30 years of age

What is the primary mode of transmission of parainfluenza viruses?

  • Respiratory droplets (correct)
  • Contaminated food and water
  • Vector-borne transmission
  • Skin-to-skin contact

Which virus causes more cases of serious respiratory disease in children than parainfluenza viruses?

<p>Respiratory syncytial virus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical symptom of mumps virus infection in adults?

<p>Mild upper respiratory infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reservoir of mumps virus?

<p>Human respiratory tract (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of mumps virus infection in terms of immunity?

<p>Permanent immunity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common complication of mumps virus infection in males?

<p>Orchitis leading to sterility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following RNA viruses is not enveloped?

<p>Picornavirus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the neuraminidase (N) protein in influenza viruses?

<p>It helps in the release of the virus from the host cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the sudden change in the antigenicity of influenza A viruses due to genetic reassortment?

<p>Antigenic shift (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the target of the antiviral drugs amantadine and rimantadine?

<p>M2 protein channel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission of influenza viruses?

<p>Respiratory droplet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the gradual change in the antigenicity of influenza viruses due to mutations?

<p>Antigenic drift (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the FDA-approved antiviral drug that inhibits the cap-dependent endonuclease activity of the influenza virus?

<p>Baloxavir marboxil (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following viruses is not a member of the Paramyxoviridae family?

<p>Influenza virus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reservoir for the rabies virus?

<p>Dogs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the rabies virus typically transmitted?

<p>Through contact with a rabid animal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of postexposure prophylaxis for rabies?

<p>To prevent rabies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic inclusion body found in rabies-infected nerve cells?

<p>Negri body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of doses of rabies vaccine required for postexposure prophylaxis?

<p>5 doses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of human rabies immunoglobulin (hRIG)?

<p>To provide immediate immunity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the rabies virus?

<p>Rod- or bullet-shaped (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the rabies virus travel to the spinal cord after infection?

<p>Through retrograde axoplasmic transport (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of mumps virus regarding antigenic variation?

<p>It does not exhibit significant antigenic variation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it rare to see mumps in infants under 6 months of age?

<p>Because of the passive immunity transferred from mother to offspring (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best approach to reducing mumps?

<p>Immunization with attenuated live mumps virus vaccine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of vaccinees who produce antibodies to each of the viruses in MMR vaccine?

<p>78-95% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of measles?

<p>Pneumonia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of measles virus that allows it to escape immune detection?

<p>Its ability to evade immune detection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for measles in developing countries that has decreased mortality and morbidity?

<p>Vitamin A treatment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a rare late complication of measles?

<p>Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication to vaccination?

<p>Allergy to eggs or neomycin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is rubella typically transmitted?

<p>Through respiratory droplet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main method of diagnosing rubella?

<p>Serology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of maternal rubella infection acquired during the first 16 weeks of gestation?

<p>Increased risk of congenital rubella syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the rubella virus?

<p>Single-stranded RNA positive-sense (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of IgM antibodies in infants?

<p>They are produced in response to infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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