RNA Enveloped Viruses: Characteristics
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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic shape of the nucleocapsid of parainfluenza viruses?

  • Helical (correct)
  • Filamentous
  • Spherical
  • Icosahedral

    • Which age group is most commonly affected by croup caused by parainfluenza viruses?

  • Children between 5-10 years of age
  • Elderly people above 65 years of age
  • Children younger than 5 years of age (correct)
  • Adults between 20-30 years of age

    • What is the primary mode of transmission of parainfluenza viruses?

  • Respiratory droplets (correct)
  • Contaminated food and water
  • Vector-borne transmission
  • Skin-to-skin contact

    • Which virus causes more cases of serious respiratory disease in children than parainfluenza viruses?

    <p>Respiratory syncytial virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical symptom of mumps virus infection in adults?

    <p>Mild upper respiratory infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reservoir of mumps virus?

    <p>Human respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of mumps virus infection in terms of immunity?

    <p>Permanent immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common complication of mumps virus infection in males?

    <p>Orchitis leading to sterility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following RNA viruses is not enveloped?

    <p>Picornavirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the neuraminidase (N) protein in influenza viruses?

    <p>It helps in the release of the virus from the host cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the sudden change in the antigenicity of influenza A viruses due to genetic reassortment?

    <p>Antigenic shift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target of the antiviral drugs amantadine and rimantadine?

    <p>M2 protein channel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission of influenza viruses?

    <p>Respiratory droplet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the gradual change in the antigenicity of influenza viruses due to mutations?

    <p>Antigenic drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the FDA-approved antiviral drug that inhibits the cap-dependent endonuclease activity of the influenza virus?

    <p>Baloxavir marboxil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following viruses is not a member of the Paramyxoviridae family?

    <p>Influenza virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reservoir for the rabies virus?

    <p>Dogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the rabies virus typically transmitted?

    <p>Through contact with a rabid animal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of postexposure prophylaxis for rabies?

    <p>To prevent rabies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic inclusion body found in rabies-infected nerve cells?

    <p>Negri body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of doses of rabies vaccine required for postexposure prophylaxis?

    <p>5 doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of human rabies immunoglobulin (hRIG)?

    <p>To provide immediate immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the rabies virus?

    <p>Rod- or bullet-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the rabies virus travel to the spinal cord after infection?

    <p>Through retrograde axoplasmic transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of mumps virus regarding antigenic variation?

    <p>It does not exhibit significant antigenic variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it rare to see mumps in infants under 6 months of age?

    <p>Because of the passive immunity transferred from mother to offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best approach to reducing mumps?

    <p>Immunization with attenuated live mumps virus vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of vaccinees who produce antibodies to each of the viruses in MMR vaccine?

    <p>78-95%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of measles?

    <p>Pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of measles virus that allows it to escape immune detection?

    <p>Its ability to evade immune detection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for measles in developing countries that has decreased mortality and morbidity?

    <p>Vitamin A treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a rare late complication of measles?

    <p>Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication to vaccination?

    <p>Allergy to eggs or neomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is rubella typically transmitted?

    <p>Through respiratory droplet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main method of diagnosing rubella?

    <p>Serology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of maternal rubella infection acquired during the first 16 weeks of gestation?

    <p>Increased risk of congenital rubella syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the rubella virus?

    <p>Single-stranded RNA positive-sense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of IgM antibodies in infants?

    <p>They are produced in response to infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

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