Virology and Serology Quiz
38 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which virus can be grown in the chorioallantoic membrane?

  • Herpes simplex virus (correct)
  • Mumps virus
  • Influenza virus
  • Ebola virus

Which of the following is NOT a site for virus growth in embryonated eggs?

  • Yolk sac
  • Allantoic membrane
  • Amniotic sac
  • Chorionic villi (correct)

What does ELISA stand for?

  • Electrolyte-linked immunochemical assay
  • Electrolyte-linked immunosorbent assay
  • Enzyme-linked immunochemical assay
  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (correct)

What is the substrate conjugate reaction?

<p>A reaction that produces a color change (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following enzymes is NOT commonly used in HIV ELISA?

<p>Catalase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the titer of a patient numbered 8?

<p>1/4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which patient was a prozone effect observed?

<p>Patient no 6 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which serological technique is NOT used in the diagnosis of viral infections?

<p>Gram staining (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of a tissue culture flask in a microbiology laboratory?

<p>Virus isolation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cytopathic effect (CPE) induced by viruses in susceptible cells?

<p>Formation of biofilm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT an advantage of HIV rapid tests?

<p>Requires trained personnel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is a disadvantage of rapid diagnostic tests for viral infections?

<p>Effectiveness only after the window period (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the intracellular masses of virions in infected cells?

<p>Inclusion bodies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following media would be LEAST suitable for the purpose of viral isolation?

<p>Nutrient Agar (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key limitation of rapid diagnostic tests regarding the type of results they provide?

<p>They provide only qualitative results (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one use of the tube precipitation test?

<p>Measuring the amount of immunoglobulins in blood plasma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon explains the lack of precipitation on top of the tube?

<p>Post prozone phenomenon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of line is formed between sample A and bovine albumin in the double-diffusion test?

<p>Pattern of identity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind the double diffusion technique?

<p>Antigen and antibody diffuse and form a line at equivalent proportions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test is likely to be a false positive?

<p>Tests A and C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the result determined in the single diffusion precipitation reaction?

<p>By the diameter of the precipitation line (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of precipitation reaction is seen in the scenario mentioned in Qn. 24?

<p>Double diffusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the precipitation line indicate in a precipitation reaction?

<p>Equivalence of antigen and antibody concentrations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two advantages of the Kirby-Bauer technique?

<p>It is highly accurate in predicting the in vivo effectiveness of antibiotics. (A), It is a standardized and reliable method for determining antibiotic susceptibility. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind the E-test?

<p>The E-test uses a gradient of antibiotic concentration to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can influence the size of the inhibition zone in an agar diffusion test?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the test described in Qn.17, commonly used for antibiotic susceptibility testing?

<p>Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the medium used for the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test?

<p>Mueller-Hinton Agar (MHA) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Test determine?

<p>Qualitative minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the test described in Qn.18?

<p>Broth Dilution Test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which milk sample is safe for human consumption?

<p>Sample A (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind the methylene blue test?

<p>The presence of bacteria in the milk decolorizes the methylene blue dye, indicating contamination. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test, besides the methylene blue test, can be used to determine whether milk is sterile?

<p>Phosphatase test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'discordant results' mean in the context of John's HIV test?

<p>One test gave a positive result and the other gave a negative result. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are possible causes for the discordant HIV test results?

<p>The rapid tests were expired, leading to inaccurate results. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which confirmatory test should be performed to resolve the discordant HIV test result?

<p>ELISA or PCR (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a tick indicate in the blood group determination table?

<p>Agglutination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood group does patient PT4 have based on the agglutination table?

<p>Blood group AB (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Serological Techniques for Viral Diagnosis

Techniques used to identify viral infections by detecting antibodies or viral antigens in serum samples.

Tissue Culture Flask/Bottle

A laboratory vessel designed to provide a suitable environment for the growth and cultivation of cells.

Cytopathic Effects (CPE)

Visible changes occurring within cells infected by viruses.

Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 Medium

A commonly used medium for growing and maintaining mammalian cells in a culture.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM)

A widely used medium for growing and maintaining mammalian cells in a culture.

Signup and view all the flashcards

HIV Rapid Test

A type of diagnostic test that can quickly detect the presence of HIV antibodies or antigens.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Viral Infections

Tests that provide a quick result for viral infections, but may have some limitations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Window Period

The period of time between infection and the development of detectable antibodies or antigens.

Signup and view all the flashcards

ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)

A specific type of serological test used to detect antibodies or antigens in a sample by attaching an enzyme to an antibody or antigen, allowing for a visual color change reaction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Titer

The highest dilution of a sample that still gives a positive reaction in a serological test, indicating the presence of antibodies.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Prozone Effect

A phenomenon that occurs in serological tests when there is an excess of antibodies in the sample, leading to a false negative reaction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Most Probable Number (MPN) Method

A method for estimating the concentration of microorganisms in a sample based on the probability of finding positive results in multiple dilutions of the sample.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cross-Reactivity

A situation where an immune response to one antigen leads to a reaction with a different antigen, due to similarities in their structures.

Signup and view all the flashcards

False Positive

A false positive result in a diagnostic test, indicating the presence of something (like an antibody) that is not actually present.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Methylene Blue Reductase Test

A test used to assess the sterility of milk. It measures the rate of bacterial contamination by observing how quickly methylene blue dye is decolorized by bacteria in the milk.

Signup and view all the flashcards

IMVIC Tests

A method used to confirm the presence of E. coli in samples, often employed after a positive result in an initial test.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Phosphatase Test

A test that checks for the presence of the enzyme phosphatase in milk. Phosphatase is inactivated during proper pasteurization, so its presence indicates insufficient heat treatment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Discordant Results

A set of test results that show conflicting outcomes when two tests are performed on the same individual at the same time, for example, one test showing positive and the other negative. This often happens with initial HIV tests because of the window period.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Agglutination Tests

Tests that detect the presence of specific antibodies or antigens by causing them to clump together (agglutination). Blood typing is a common example.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Blood Group AB

A blood group characterized by the presence of both A and B antigens, but no corresponding antibodies. This makes individuals with AB blood group universal recipients in blood transfusions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

ELISA or PCR

A more sensitive and confirmatory test for HIV, often performed when rapid tests show discordant results or a positive result needs confirmation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Kirby-Bauer Test

A standardized method for determining antibiotic susceptibility by measuring the diameter of inhibition zones around antibiotic discs on an agar plate.

Signup and view all the flashcards

E-test

A method for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of an antibiotic by measuring the concentration at which it inhibits the growth of a microorganism.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)

The smallest concentration of an antibiotic that inhibits the visible growth of a microorganism.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Zone of Inhibition

The zone of inhibition around the antibiotic disc on an agar plate, where the growth of the microorganism is inhibited.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

A test that determines the sensitivity or resistance of a microorganism to specific antibiotics.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Broth or Agar Dilution Test

A method that uses broth or agar media to determine the MIC of an antibiotic.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Diagnostic Sensitivity Test using Giant Agar Plate

A method for determining the sensitivity or resistance of a microorganism to antibiotics directly from body fluids.

Signup and view all the flashcards

MHA (Mueller Hinton Agar)

The medium used in the Kirby-Bauer test for bacterial growth and antibiotic diffusion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Precipitation Reaction

A type of serological technique where a visible precipitate forms when an antigen and its corresponding antibody meet at optimal proportions in a solution.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tube Precipitation Test

A serological test that uses the interaction between an antigen and its corresponding antibody in a solution, which results in a visible precipitate.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Post-zone Phenomenon

A condition where too much antigen is present, inhibiting the formation of a visible precipitate.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Single Diffusion

An antigen-antibody reaction in which the antigen diffuses from a well into the agar containing antibody.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Double Diffusion

Antigen and antibody diffuse from separate wells, forming a precipitation line where their concentrations are optimal.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pattern of Identity

A pattern of precipitation lines in double diffusion indicating that two antigens share identical epitopes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Radial Immunodiffusion

A serological technique used to determine the concentration of antibodies by quantifying the diameter of the precipitation line.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Equivalence Zone

This is the result of the Ag/Ab reaction, when the proportion of Ag and Ab in the solution is optimal, a precipitate forms.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

General Instructions

  • Examination consists of 25 questions.
  • Two minutes allocated per question.
  • Students required to answer all questions.
  • Slides change automatically.
  • Registration number and answers to be written on the answer sheet.

Qn. 1

  • Four serological techniques used in diagnosing viral infections (select any four):
    • ELISA
    • Antigen/Antibody Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT)
    • Complement Fixation Test
    • Hemagglutination Inhibition
    • Immunostaining

Qn. 2

  • Q2 a) Identify the item: Tissue culture flask/bottle
  • Q2 b) Use in microbiology laboratory: Virus isolation
  • Q2 c) Two media used for virus isolation:
    • Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium (RPMI 1640)
    • Dulbecco's modified eagle's medium (DMEM)

Qn. 3

  • Cytopathic effects (CPE) induced by viruses:
    • Rounding up and detaching of cells
    • Cell lysis
    • Swelling of nuclei
    • Formation of fused cells (syncytia)
    • Inclusion bodies in the nucleus or cytoplasm

Qn. 4

  • Four advantages of HIV rapid tests:
    • Detects both antigen and antibody.
    • Inexpensive (cheap).
    • Easy to perform.
    • Rapid results (within 30 minutes)
    • Easy to store

Qn. 5

  • Four disadvantages of rapid diagnostic tests for viral infections:
    • Only effective after the window period.
    • Dependence on antibody production.
    • Provides qualitative results only.
    • Cross-reactivity/false positive results.

Qn. 6

  • Virus growth sites in embryonated eggs:
    • Chorionicallantoic membrane: Poxvirus, herpes simplex virus
    • Allantoic membrane: Influenza virus, mumps virus
    • Amniotic sac: Influenza virus, mumps virus
    • Yolk sac: Herpes virus

Qn. 7

  • Qn. 7 a) Long form of ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
  • Qn. 7 b) Colour development mechanism in ELISA: Substrate conjugate reaction
  • Qn. 7 c) Two enzymes commonly used in HIV ELISA: Horseradish peroxidase and Alkaline phosphatase

Qn. 8

  • Provided image is a result of an HIV ELISA test.

Qn. 9

  • Four roles of public health microbiology laboratories:
    • Investigating disease outbreaks.
    • Testing environmental samples (water, food)
    • Conducting research on communicable diseases.
    • Confirming etiology during epidemics.

Qn. 10

  • Qn. 10 a) Use of the MPN table: Determining water suitability for human consumption
  • Qn 10 b) Interpretation of results in row a: Unsatisfactory.
  • Qn 10 c) How to confirm presence of E. coli: Performing IMVIC tests.

Qn. 11

  • Qn. 11 a) Safe milk sample: A
  • Qn. 11 b) Principle of the test: Methylene blue dye is decolorized by bacteria in the milk.
  • Qn. 11 c) Another test to determine milk sterility: Phosphatase test

Qn. 12

  • Qn. 12 a) Interpretation of results: Discordant results
  • Qn. 12 b) Two possible causes of discordant results: Expired test kits, low test sensitivity, contamination, window period
  • Qn. 12 c) Further test needed: ELISA or PCR

Qn. 13

  • Blood groups of 4 patients (PT1 - PT4) determined based on agglutination results.

Qn. 14

  • Two advantages of Kirby-Bauer technique: Well-standardized and yields data that reliably predict in vivo effectiveness of the tested drug.

Qn. 15

  • Qn. 15 a) Technique name: E-test
  • Qn. 15 b) Use of the test: Determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for isolates.
  • Qn. 15 c) Principle of the test: Agar diffusion using a plastic strip to determine MIC.

Qn. 16

  • Four factors determining zone sizes in agar diffusion test: Media type/depth, quality of antimicrobial discs, inoculums size, incubation time.

Qn. 17

  • Qn. 17 a) Test Name: Kirby Bauer disk diffusion
  • Qn. 17 b) Medium used: MHA
  • Qn. 17 c) Result determination: Diameter of inhibition zone
  • Qn. 17 d) Test determination: Qualitative MIC

Qn. 18

  • Test name: Broth or agar dilution

Qn. 19

  • Test name: Diagnostic Sensitivity Test
  • Three settings/situations where the setup can be used: Determine antimicrobial concentration, study kinetics of a new drug, verify therapeutic concentrations

Qn. 20

  • The setup is a precipitation reaction.

Qn. 21

  • Qn. 21 a) Type of precipitation reaction: Tube precipitation test
  • Qn. 21 b) Use of the method: Measuring immunoglobulins in blood plasma.
  • Qn. 21 c) Reason for lack of precipitation: Post-prozone phenomenon (excess antigens)
  • Qn. 21 d) Test likely to be false positive: A and C
  • Qn. 21 e) Type of precipitation in test C: Post-zone phenomenon

Qn. 22

  • Samples and results are provided.

Qn. 23

  • Qn. 23 a) Type of precipitation reaction: Single diffusion
  • Qn. 23 b) Result determination: Diameter of precipitation line
  • Qn. 23 c) Test use: Determining antigen concentration

Qn. 24

  • Qn. 24 a) Type of precipitation reaction: Double diffusion
  • Qn. 24 b) Principle of the technique: Antigens and antibodies diffuse and form a line when concentrations are equivalent.

Qn. 25

  • Two reasons for antimicrobial assays in body fluids: ensuring adequate tissue concentrations and preventing toxic concentrations.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Solved Micro II Prac Cat2 2023 PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on virology concepts, particularly the growth and diagnosis of viruses using various techniques. This quiz covers topics like virus growth in embryonated eggs, ELISA methods, and serological techniques. Perfect for students in microbiology or virology courses.

More Like This

General Virology Quiz
5 questions

Virology Quiz: Test Your Knowledge in Virology

BestSellingSunset avatar
BestSellingSunset
Dengue Diagnostic Tests: NS1 ELISA, Lateral Flow, and qRT-PCR
23 questions

Dengue Diagnostic Tests: NS1 ELISA, Lateral Flow, and qRT-PCR

SensitiveMeteor avatar
SensitiveMeteor
Virology Quiz Questions
51 questions

Virology Quiz Questions

MasterfulOliveTree avatar
MasterfulOliveTree
Virology Exam 1 Flashcards
31 questions

Virology Exam 1 Flashcards

BeneficialThermodynamics avatar
BeneficialThermodynamics
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser