Viroids and Prions Quiz

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What is the main difference between viroids and prions?

Viroids infect animals, while prions infect plants.

Viroids have a protein coat, while prions lack a protein coat.

Viroids replicate by triggering abnormal folding, while prions replicate within a nucleus.

Viroids consist of RNA, while prions consist of proteins. (correct)

How do viroids replicate?

By triggering the host cell to replicate them (correct)

By forming a protective protein coat

By absorbing genetic material from the host cell

By creating a nucleus within the host cell

What characterizes the size of viroid genomes?

Large single-stranded DNA chains

Small double-stranded DNA chains

Large double-stranded RNA circles

Small single-stranded RNA circles (correct)

What is the role of the cell membrane in a cell?

To regulate nutrient passage Signup and view all the answers

In eukaryotic cells, where is DNA enclosed?

Within the nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cell can be described as the 'command center'?

Nucleoplasm Signup and view all the answers

How can motility be demonstrated in bacteria?

Stabbing the bacteria into a tube of semisolid agar Signup and view all the answers

Where do nonmotile organisms grow when stabbed into semisolid agar?

Only along the stab line Signup and view all the answers

Which type of organisms require an atmosphere with molecular oxygen for growth and multiplication?

Obligate aerobes Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of CO2 is typically found in room air?

Less than 1% Signup and view all the answers

Which type of organisms grow better in the laboratory in the presence of increased CO2 concentrations?

Capnophiles Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of microorganisms that are obligate aerobes?

Mycobacteria and certain fungi Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of determining whether an isolate belongs to an established taxon called?

Identification Signup and view all the answers

In the binomial nomenclature system, what does the first name represent?

Genus Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist developed the binomial system of nomenclature in the 18th century?

Carolus Linnaeus Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of arranging organisms into taxonomic groups?

Based on similarities or relationships Signup and view all the answers

What are acceptable terms used for bacterial species other than their scientific names?

Streptococci Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a single taxonomic group in the classification system?

Genus Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bacteria do not produce oxygen?

Purple and green bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Where does photosynthesis take place in eukaryotic algae and plants?

Plastids Signup and view all the answers

What structures in cyanobacteria are thought to be invaginations of the cell membrane?

Thylakoids Signup and view all the answers

Where does light harvesting occur in cyanobacteria?

Thylakoids Signup and view all the answers

Which organisms are believed to be the first capable of oxygenic photosynthesis?

Cyanobacteria Signup and view all the answers

Under what conditions do cyanobacteria tend to overgrow in pond or lake water?

Mild or no wind, warm water temperature, and nutrient abundance Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical significance of Prototheca algae?

It causes protothecosis, a rare human infection. Signup and view all the answers

How can Prototheca algae enter the human body?

Through wounds on the feet Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of Prototheca entering the lymphatic system?

Debilitating, sometimes fatal infection Signup and view all the answers

How are protozoa classified in terms of kingdoms?

Protista Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes protozoal cells from plant cells?

Presence of animal-like structures and organelles Signup and view all the answers

Why can't protozoa make their own food by photosynthesis?

Lack of chlorophyll Signup and view all the answers