Viroids and Prions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between viroids and prions?

  • Viroids infect animals, while prions infect plants.
  • Viroids have a protein coat, while prions lack a protein coat.
  • Viroids replicate by triggering abnormal folding, while prions replicate within a nucleus.
  • Viroids consist of RNA, while prions consist of proteins. (correct)

    • How do viroids replicate?

  • By triggering the host cell to replicate them (correct)
  • By forming a protective protein coat
  • By absorbing genetic material from the host cell
  • By creating a nucleus within the host cell

    • What characterizes the size of viroid genomes?

  • Large single-stranded DNA chains
  • Small double-stranded DNA chains
  • Large double-stranded RNA circles
  • Small single-stranded RNA circles (correct)

    • What is the role of the cell membrane in a cell?

    <p>To regulate nutrient passage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In eukaryotic cells, where is DNA enclosed?

    <p>Within the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the cell can be described as the 'command center'?

    <p>Nucleoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can motility be demonstrated in bacteria?

    <p>Stabbing the bacteria into a tube of semisolid agar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do nonmotile organisms grow when stabbed into semisolid agar?

    <p>Only along the stab line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of organisms require an atmosphere with molecular oxygen for growth and multiplication?

    <p>Obligate aerobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of CO2 is typically found in room air?

    <p>Less than 1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of organisms grow better in the laboratory in the presence of increased CO2 concentrations?

    <p>Capnophiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are examples of microorganisms that are obligate aerobes?

    <p><strong>Mycobacteria</strong> and certain <strong>fungi</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of determining whether an isolate belongs to an established taxon called?

    <p>Identification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the binomial nomenclature system, what does the first name represent?

    <p>Genus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist developed the binomial system of nomenclature in the 18th century?

    <p>Carolus Linnaeus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of arranging organisms into taxonomic groups?

    <p>Based on similarities or relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are acceptable terms used for bacterial species other than their scientific names?

    <p>Streptococci</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a single taxonomic group in the classification system?

    <p>Genus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bacteria do not produce oxygen?

    <p>Purple and green bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does photosynthesis take place in eukaryotic algae and plants?

    <p>Plastids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures in cyanobacteria are thought to be invaginations of the cell membrane?

    <p>Thylakoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does light harvesting occur in cyanobacteria?

    <p>Thylakoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organisms are believed to be the first capable of oxygenic photosynthesis?

    <p>Cyanobacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what conditions do cyanobacteria tend to overgrow in pond or lake water?

    <p>Mild or no wind, warm water temperature, and nutrient abundance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical significance of Prototheca algae?

    <p>It causes protothecosis, a rare human infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can Prototheca algae enter the human body?

    <p>Through wounds on the feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of Prototheca entering the lymphatic system?

    <p>Debilitating, sometimes fatal infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are protozoa classified in terms of kingdoms?

    <p>Protista</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes protozoal cells from plant cells?

    <p>Presence of animal-like structures and organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can't protozoa make their own food by photosynthesis?

    <p>Lack of chlorophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

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