Viral Respiratory Tract Infections
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the hemagglutinin protein in Influenza A virus?

  • To facilitate the replication of the virus
  • To release the virus from the host cell
  • To inhibit the immune response
  • To attach the virus to the host cell (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Oseltamivir?

  • It is active against Influenza A and B viruses
  • It is administered orally
  • It is administered via inhalation (correct)
  • It is a prodrug

What is the main mechanism of action of Neuraminidase inhibitors?

  • They prevent the release of new virions from the host cell (correct)
  • They enhance the immune response against the virus
  • They inhibit the replication of the virus
  • They inhibit the attachment of the virus to the host cell

What is the duration of treatment with Oseltamivir or Zanamivir?

<p>5-day course (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following viruses is known to cause pandemics?

<p>Influenza A virus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of administration for Zanamivir?

<p>Via inhalation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Viral Respiratory Tract Infections

  • Caused by Influenza A virus, Influenza B virus, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
  • Immunization is the preferred approach to prevention
  • Antiviral drugs are used in cases of allergies or outbreaks

Influenza A Virus

  • Can infect a variety of animal hosts
  • Causes pandemics (e.g. H1N1)
  • Has surface proteins: neuraminidase (N) and hemagglutinin (H)
  • H is responsible for attachment, N is responsible for viral release

Antiviral Drugs

  • Neuraminidase inhibitors: Oseltamivir and Zanamivir
  • Effective against Influenza A and B viruses
  • Administered prior to exposure or within 48 hours after onset of symptoms
  • 5-day course of treatment

Mechanism of Action (MOA)

  • Selectively inhibit neuraminidase, preventing the release of new virions

Pharmacokinetics (PK)

  • Oseltamivir: prodrug, administered orally, activated by hepatic esterases
  • Zanamivir: active, administered via inhalation
  • Both excreted in the urine

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Description

Learn about the causes and prevention of viral respiratory tract infections, including influenza A and B viruses, RSV, and immunization approaches.

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