Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the hemagglutinin protein in Influenza A virus?
To attach the virus to the host cell
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Oseltamivir?
It is administered via inhalation
What is the main mechanism of action of Neuraminidase inhibitors?
They prevent the release of new virions from the host cell
What is the duration of treatment with Oseltamivir or Zanamivir?
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Which of the following viruses is known to cause pandemics?
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What is the primary method of administration for Zanamivir?
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Study Notes
Viral Respiratory Tract Infections
- Caused by Influenza A virus, Influenza B virus, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
- Immunization is the preferred approach to prevention
- Antiviral drugs are used in cases of allergies or outbreaks
Influenza A Virus
- Can infect a variety of animal hosts
- Causes pandemics (e.g. H1N1)
- Has surface proteins: neuraminidase (N) and hemagglutinin (H)
- H is responsible for attachment, N is responsible for viral release
Antiviral Drugs
- Neuraminidase inhibitors: Oseltamivir and Zanamivir
- Effective against Influenza A and B viruses
- Administered prior to exposure or within 48 hours after onset of symptoms
- 5-day course of treatment
Mechanism of Action (MOA)
- Selectively inhibit neuraminidase, preventing the release of new virions
Pharmacokinetics (PK)
- Oseltamivir: prodrug, administered orally, activated by hepatic esterases
- Zanamivir: active, administered via inhalation
- Both excreted in the urine
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