Viral Replication and Pathogenesis

Protein Synthesis

• Newly synthesized viral RNA genomes are assembled into viral RNA, including structural proteins.

Assembly

• Viral genomes and capsid proteins assemble together into mature nucleocapsids through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane.
• Host cell acquires envelope by exocytosis.

Pathogenesis of Dengue Virus

• Dengue virus is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes.
• Virus enters the body and targets immature cells.
• Viremia occurs, where the virus circulates in the bloodstream, usually within 4-10 days after infection.
• Dengue symptoms include widespread infection, high fever, severe headache, eye pain, joint muscle pain, rash, and mild bleeding.

Adenovirus

• Adenoviruses are medium-sized (90-100 nm), non-enveloped viruses with double-stranded DNA.
• There are more than 50 types of distinct adenoviruses that can cause infections in humans.
• The capsid is composed of protein subunits called capsomeres.
• Hexon proteins are the most distinct adenovirus proteins.

Adenovirus Replication

• Attachment: Adenovirus attaches to specific receptors on a host cell.
• Entry: The virus gets engulfed by the host cell into an endosome.
• Genome: The genome is likely encoded by more than 50 distinct adenoviruses.