Viral Morphology and Taxonomy

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What is the key event that happens during the Penetration stage of the Bacteriophage Lytic Cycle?

Viral components are assembled into virions

Bacterial virus attaches to the cell wall receptors

Viral sheath contracts to push viral DNA into the host cell (correct)

Viral DNA is incorporated into the bacterial host DNA

What is the stage in the Bacteriophage Lytic Cycle where the bacterial host cell is forced to make viral components?

Attachment

Biosynthesis (correct)

Penetration

Maturation

Which stage of the Bacteriophage Lytic Cycle involves the assembly of newly-made, mature viruses?

Penetration

Attachment

Biosynthesis

Maturation (correct)

What is the main purpose of viral lysozyme during the Attachment stage of the Bacteriophage Lytic Cycle?

Making a hole in the bacterial cell wall Signup and view all the answers

What is a Virion in the context of the Bacteriophage Lytic Cycle?

Newly-formed, mature virus capable of infecting other cells Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of the Bacteriophage Lytic Cycle is viral DNA present inside the bacterial host cell?

Penetration Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the bacterial host cell during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage?

The host cell lyses or ruptures, resulting in its death. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the lysogenic cycle of a bacteriophage?

The phage DNA integrates into the host cell's DNA and remains dormant. Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of lysogeny in bacterial host cells?

Phage conversion, where non-pathogenic bacteria become pathogenic. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a stage in the multiplication (lytic cycle) of animal viruses?

Lysogeny Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when a virus induces the expression of cancer-causing genes in a host cell?

Transformation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of growing viruses in the laboratory?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between viral species and viral subspecies/strains?

Viral species share the same genetic information, while subspecies/strains differ in their genetic information Signup and view all the answers

How are bacteriophages quantified during their growth in bacterial cultures?

By counting the number of plaques formed Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method used for identifying viruses in the laboratory?

Serological tests Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle in bacteriophages?

The lytic cycle leads to the death of the host bacterial cell, while the lysogenic cycle does not Signup and view all the answers

Can animal viruses grow in bacterial cells?

No, animal viruses can only grow in animal cells or tissue cultures Signup and view all the answers

How do enveloped animal viruses enter the host cell?

By fusion with the host cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which the viral capsid is disintegrated to expose the viral genetic material?

Uncoating Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of non-enveloped animal viruses?

They are released by rupture Signup and view all the answers

How can the RNA of an animal virus incorporate into the host cell's DNA?

Through the action of the enzyme reverse transcriptase Signup and view all the answers

Which virus family causes warts and cervical/anal cancers?

Papovaviridae Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for viruses that can cause cancer?

Oncoviruses Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which enveloped animal viruses are released from the host cell?

Budding Signup and view all the answers

How can oncoviruses transform normal cells into cancerous cells?

By integrating their DNA into the host cell's DNA and inducing tumors Signup and view all the answers

How do non-enveloped animal viruses enter the host cell?

Through receptor-mediated endocytosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which non-enveloped animal viruses are released from the host cell?

Lysis Signup and view all the answers

What type of viral infection is characterized by a rapid onset of symptoms and short duration?

Acute viral infection Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a transmissible neurological disease caused by prions?

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) Signup and view all the answers