Viral Life Cycle
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Questions and Answers

What is the result of the lytic cycle in a host cell?

  • The phage genome replicates without destroying the host
  • The host cell becomes immune to phage infection
  • The host cell's DNA is replicated
  • The host cell's membrane breaks open releasing new phages (correct)

    • What is the function of bacterial restriction enzymes?

  • To assemble phage heads and tails
  • To synthesize viral genomes and proteins
  • To trigger the lysogenic cycle
  • To recognize and cut up certain phage DNA (correct)

    • What is the term for the viral DNA molecule integrated into the host cell's chromosome?

  • Prophage (correct)
  • Viral chromosome
  • Phage genome
  • Lysogenic cycle

    • What triggers the switch from the lysogenic cycle to the lytic cycle?

    <p>Environmental signal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for phages that reproduce only by the lytic cycle?

    <p>Virulent phages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the lysogenic cycle in a host cell?

    <p>The phage genome replicates without destroying the host (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for phages that replicate by both the lytic and lysogenic cycles?

    <p>Temperate phages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the protease enzyme in the HIV reproductive cycle?

    <p>To cut the viral polypeptide produced by translation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of transmission for Hepatitis B virus?

    <p>Blood and other biological fluids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic symptom of acute hepatitis?

    <p>Jaundice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus attaches to the CD4 receptor on the surface of Th-cells?

    <p>Human Immunodeficiency Virus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the interval between HIV infection and the onset of AIDS?

    <p>10-15 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current status of Hepatitis C virus vaccine development?

    <p>Vaccine has not been developed yet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of people infected with HIV since the beginning of the pandemic?

    <p>85 million (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target of anti-retroviral therapy in HIV treatment?

    <p>HIV replication cycle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of AIDS onset in terms of Th (CD4+) lymphocytes?

    <p>&lt; 200 Th cells/mm3 of blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the inhibition of host cell gene expression by the virus?

    <p>The host cell's enzymes are used to replicate the virus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the viral enzyme Reverse Transcriptase in retroviruses?

    <p>To convert the viral RNA into DNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the attachment and entry of a retrovirus into a host cell?

    <p>The viral RNA is converted into DNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the host's RNA polymerase in the replicative cycle of a retrovirus?

    <p>To transcribe the proviral DNA into RNA molecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the release of non-enveloped viruses and enveloped viruses from the host cell?

    <p>Non-enveloped viruses are released by lysis, while enveloped viruses are released by budding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the integration of the retroviral genome into the host genome?

    <p>The retrovirus becomes a provirus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the viral glycoprotein in the replicative cycle of a retrovirus?

    <p>To bind to the host cell receptor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central dogma of transfer of genetic information that retroviruses are an exception to?

    <p>DNA → RNA → protein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the human disease caused by consuming contaminated beef infected with prions?

    <p>Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of prions that allows them to cause fatal CNS infections?

    <p>Their ability to aggregate and form infectious particles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for viral diseases that affect plants?

    <p>Viral diseases in plants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genome of most plant viruses composed of?

    <p>Single-stranded RNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following viruses is responsible for causing oral herpes?

    <p>Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the human disease caused by the Varicella Zoster Virus?

    <p>Chickenpox (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following viruses is responsible for causing Infectious mononucleosis?

    <p>Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the coronavirus disease that was first identified in 2019?

    <p>COVID-19 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the malignant tumor of the endothelial cells of the blood vessels?

    <p>Κaposi sarcoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can HIV be transmitted from mother to child?

    <p>During pregnancy, birth or breast feeding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the window period in HIV diagnosis?

    <p>To indicate the time during which the virus cannot be detected but can still be transmitted (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why there is no vaccine available for HIV?

    <p>Due to the high mutation rate of the virus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART)?

    <p>To treat HIV infection with a combination of antiretroviral drugs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of nucleotide analogues in antiretroviral therapy?

    <p>Inhibit the viral RNA replication by being incorporated into the growing cDNA chain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common problem of antiretroviral therapy?

    <p>Toxicity and resistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many weeks after infection can HIV be detected in the blood using RT-PCR?

    <p>3 weeks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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