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Questions and Answers
Which type of viral infection is characterized by the virus remaining in the host for an extended period without causing symptoms, such as cold sores?
Which type of viral infection is characterized by the virus remaining in the host for an extended period without causing symptoms, such as cold sores?
- Latent infection (correct)
- Transforming infection
- Lytic infection
- Chronic infection
What distinguishes a chronic viral infection from a lytic infection?
What distinguishes a chronic viral infection from a lytic infection?
- Chronic infections are always symptomatic, while lytic infections are asymptomatic.
- Chronic infections kill the host cell, while lytic infections do not.
- Chronic infections are productive without causing cell lysis, while lytic infections kill the host cell. (correct)
- Chronic infections have a short incubation period, while lytic infections have a long one.
In a transforming viral infection, what is the primary characteristic of the viral nucleic acid within the host cell?
In a transforming viral infection, what is the primary characteristic of the viral nucleic acid within the host cell?
- It integrates into the host cell DNA and causes immediate cell death.
- It actively replicates and produces new viral particles.
- It remains indefinitely without viral production, potentially leading to oncogenic changes. (correct)
- It is rapidly cleared by the host's immune system.
Which cytopathic effect involves the alteration of a cell's structure, potentially indicative of viral infection?
Which cytopathic effect involves the alteration of a cell's structure, potentially indicative of viral infection?
How do genotoxic effects of viruses contribute to the development of cancer?
How do genotoxic effects of viruses contribute to the development of cancer?
Adenoviruses are commonly associated with which type of illness?
Adenoviruses are commonly associated with which type of illness?
Which virus is responsible for causing Hepatitis B?
Which virus is responsible for causing Hepatitis B?
Which virus has been declared eradicated worldwide by the World Health Organization (WHO)?
Which virus has been declared eradicated worldwide by the World Health Organization (WHO)?
Parvovirus B19 is the causative agent of which disease?
Parvovirus B19 is the causative agent of which disease?
What is the site of latency for Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1)?
What is the site of latency for Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1)?
Genital herpes and encephalitis can be caused by which virus?
Genital herpes and encephalitis can be caused by which virus?
Where does the Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV, HHV-3) remain latent after a chickenpox infection?
Where does the Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV, HHV-3) remain latent after a chickenpox infection?
Reactivation of the Varicella-Zoster Virus (HHV-3) causes which condition?
Reactivation of the Varicella-Zoster Virus (HHV-3) causes which condition?
Which age group is shingles more commonly observed in?
Which age group is shingles more commonly observed in?
Infectious mononucleosis is caused by which virus?
Infectious mononucleosis is caused by which virus?
Which of the following activities should be avoided by individuals diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis?
Which of the following activities should be avoided by individuals diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis?
Which of the following viruses is known to be carcinogenic?
Which of the following viruses is known to be carcinogenic?
Which type of viral infection results in the death of the host cell?
Which type of viral infection results in the death of the host cell?
What is a key characteristic of abortive viral infections?
What is a key characteristic of abortive viral infections?
Which viral infection type is characterized by a prolonged incubation period followed by the onset of disease?
Which viral infection type is characterized by a prolonged incubation period followed by the onset of disease?
Which effect of viral infection involves alterations in a host cell's ion movement or chemical balance?
Which effect of viral infection involves alterations in a host cell's ion movement or chemical balance?
Which of the following represents a morphological effect (cytopathic) of viral infection?
Which of the following represents a morphological effect (cytopathic) of viral infection?
Which of the following viruses is the smallest DNA virus?
Which of the following viruses is the smallest DNA virus?
What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient presenting with cold sores or fever blisters (vesicles on lips)?
What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient presenting with cold sores or fever blisters (vesicles on lips)?
A patient presents with vesicles on their fingers. Which virus is most likely responsible for this condition, known as herpetic whitlow?
A patient presents with vesicles on their fingers. Which virus is most likely responsible for this condition, known as herpetic whitlow?
What is the role of the viral nucleic acid in transforming infections?
What is the role of the viral nucleic acid in transforming infections?
How does a persistent viral infection differ from a lytic viral infection regarding the host cell?
How does a persistent viral infection differ from a lytic viral infection regarding the host cell?
What is the primary difference between a latent viral infection and a chronic viral infection?
What is the primary difference between a latent viral infection and a chronic viral infection?
How do viruses induce physiological or biochemical effects on host cells?
How do viruses induce physiological or biochemical effects on host cells?
What is the most significant implication of genotoxic effects caused by viruses?
What is the most significant implication of genotoxic effects caused by viruses?
Which illness is NOT commonly associated with adenovirus infections?
Which illness is NOT commonly associated with adenovirus infections?
What type of virus is the Hepadnavirus?
What type of virus is the Hepadnavirus?
Which type of virus is the Poxvirus?
Which type of virus is the Poxvirus?
Which of these conditions is NOT caused by a herpesvirus?
Which of these conditions is NOT caused by a herpesvirus?
After a chickenpox infection, where does the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) remain latent??
After a chickenpox infection, where does the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) remain latent??
Flashcards
Abortive Infection
Abortive Infection
Viral infection without viral production.
Lytic (Cytocidal) Infection
Lytic (Cytocidal) Infection
Viral infection that kills the host cell.
Persistent Chronic Infection
Persistent Chronic Infection
Non-lytic but productive viral infection.
Persistent Latent Infection
Persistent Latent Infection
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Persistent Slow Infection
Persistent Slow Infection
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Transforming Infection
Transforming Infection
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Morphological Effects (Cytopathic)
Morphological Effects (Cytopathic)
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Physiological/Biochemical Effects
Physiological/Biochemical Effects
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Genotoxic/Mutation Effects
Genotoxic/Mutation Effects
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Adenovirus
Adenovirus
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Hepadnavirus
Hepadnavirus
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Poxvirus
Poxvirus
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Parvovirus B19
Parvovirus B19
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Herpes Simplex 1 (HHV-1)
Herpes Simplex 1 (HHV-1)
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Herpes Simplex 2 (HHV-2)
Herpes Simplex 2 (HHV-2)
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Varicella-Zoster Virus (HHV-3, VZV)
Varicella-Zoster Virus (HHV-3, VZV)
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Epstein-Barr Virus (HHV-4, EBV)
Epstein-Barr Virus (HHV-4, EBV)
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Study Notes
- Viruses can interact with host cells in several ways, each with different outcomes.
- Abortive infections occur without any viral production.
- Lytic or cytocidal infections result in the death of the host cell.
- Persistent infections do not kill the host cell but continue to produce viruses.
Persistent Viral Infections
- Chronic infections are non-lytic but productive.
- Latent infections involve the virus remaining in the host without causing symptoms for a long period. Examples include cold sores and shingles.
- Slow infections feature a prolonged incubation period followed by disease.
- Transforming infections involve viral nucleic acid remaining indefinitely without virus production and can lead to oncogenic changes.
Host Cell Damage
- Viruses can cause morphological effects, which are also known as cytopathic effects.
- Morphological effects include altered cell shape, lysis, membrane fusion, and programmed cell death (apoptosis).
- Physiological and biochemical effects involve changes in ion movement or the host cell's chemical molecules.
- Genotoxic/mutation effects involve damage to the host cell's DNA.
- Such effects can potentially initiate cancer and are associated with oncogenic viruses.
DNA Viruses
- DNA viruses include Adenovirus, Hepadnavirus, Poxvirus, Parvovirus, and Herpesvirus.
Adenovirus
- Adenovirus primarily causes respiratory illnesses.
- It can also cause gastroenteritis, conjunctivitis, cystitis, and rashes.
Hepadnavirus
- Hepadnavirus causes Hepatitis B.
Poxvirus
- Poxvirus is the largest DNA virus
- Smallpox (Variola virus) was eradicated in 1981.
Parvovirus
- Parvovirus is the smallest DNA virus.
- B19 parvovirus causes 5th disease (erythema infectiosum).
Herpesvirus
- Herpes Simplex 1 (HHV-1) causes cold sores or fever blisters (vesicles on lips).
- It can also cause herpes whitlow (vesicles on fingers).
- HHV-1 remains latent in the trigeminal nerve.
- Herpes Simplex 2 (HHV-2) causes genital herpes and encephalitis.
- HHV-2 is carcinogenic.
- HHV-2 remains latent in the sacral nerve.
Varicella-Zoster Virus
- Varicella-Zoster Virus (HHV 3, VZV) remains latent in the dorsal nerve root.
- VZV causes Varicella (chickenpox).
- Shingles (herpes zoster) is a reactivation of latent HHV-3.
- Shingles are more common in adults above 50 years.
- Epstein-Barr Virus (HHV-4, EBV) causes infectious mononucleosis (Mono, Glandular Fever, Kissing disease).
- EBV is more common in young adults.
- Affected individuals should avoid contact sports.
- EBV is carcinogenic
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV, HHV-5) can also cause infections.
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