Viral Infections Chapter 18
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism by which viruses cause disease in host cells?

  • By destroying host cells during their escape (correct)
  • By producing toxins that harm host cells
  • By altering host cell DNA to replicate themselves
  • By competing with host cells for nutrients
  • Which of the following viruses is an RNA virus?

  • Human papillomavirus
  • Varicella-zoster virus
  • Monkeypox virus
  • Rubella virus (correct)
  • What is the primary mode of transmission for the common cold?

  • Through insect vectors
  • Through direct contact with infected animals
  • Through respiratory secretions by way of hands and fomites or direct contact (correct)
  • Through contaminated food and water
  • How many serotypes of rhinoviruses are known to cause colds?

    <p>More than 100</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the virus that causes smallpox?

    <p>Variola virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)?

    <p>Inhalation of aerosolized rodent feces, urine, and saliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following viruses is responsible for Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)?

    <p>Avian influenza virus type A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for Viral Gastroenteritis (Viral Enteritis, Viral Diarrhea)?

    <p>Fecal-oral transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following viruses is NOT a type of Hepatitis?

    <p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for Hepatitis B virus (HBV)?

    <p>Sexual transmission or household contact with an infected person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    How Do Viruses Cause Disease?

    • Viruses multiply within host cells and destroy the cells during their escape, leading to symptoms of a viral infection.

    Viral Infections of the Skin

    • Chickenpox and Shingles are caused by Varicella-zoster virus (DNA virus, human herpesvirus 3).
    • German Measles (Rubella) is caused by Rubella virus (RNA virus).
    • Measles (Hard Measles, Rubeola) is caused by Measles (rubeola) virus, an RNA virus.
    • Monkeypox is caused by Monkeypox virus, a DNA virus.
    • Smallpox is caused by 2 strains of variola virus (variola minor and variola major), a DNA virus.
    • Warts are caused by at least 70 different types of human papillomaviruses (HPV), DNA viruses.

    Viral Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract

    • The Common Cold (Acute Viral Rhinitis, Acute Coryza) is caused by many different viruses, including:
      • Rhinoviruses (over 100 serotypes)
      • Coronaviruses
      • Parainfluenza viruses
      • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
      • Influenza viruses
      • Adenoviruses
      • Enteroviruses
    • Transmission occurs via respiratory secretions, hands, and fomites or direct contact with airborne droplets.

    Viral Infections of the Lower Respiratory Tract

    • Acute, Febrile, Viral Respiratory Disease is caused by:
      • Parainfluenza viruses
      • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
      • Adenovirus
      • Rhinoviruses
      • Coronaviruses
      • Coxsackieviruses
      • Echoviruses
    • Transmission occurs via direct oral contact or airborne droplets.
    • Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) is caused by Avian influenza virus type A, with 3 prominent subtypes (H5, H7, H9).
    • Transmission occurs via contact with infected poultry or contaminated surfaces.
    • Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) is caused by at least 5 different hantaviruses.
    • Transmission occurs via inhalation of aerosolized rodent feces, urine, and saliva.
    • Influenza, Flu is caused by Influenza viruses, types A, B, and C (RNA viruses).
    • Transmission occurs via infected humans, with pigs and birds serving as reservoirs.
    • Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is caused by SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV).
    • Transmission occurs via infected individuals, respiratory droplets, or touching contaminated surfaces or objects.

    Viral Infections of the Oral Region

    • Cold Sores (Fever Blisters, Herpes Labialis) are usually caused by Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1), but can be caused by Herpes simplex type 2 (HSV2).
    • Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 can also infect the genital tract.

    Viral Infections of the GI Tract

    • Viral Gastroenteritis (Viral Enteritis, Viral Diarrhea) is caused by:
      • Enteric adenoviruses
      • Astroviruses
      • Caliciviruses
      • Rotaviruses
    • Transmission occurs via infected humans, contaminated water, and shellfish.

    Viral Hepatitis

    • Type A Hepatitis (HAV Infection, Infectious Hepatitis, Epidemic Hepatitis) is caused by Hepatitis A virus (HAV), a linear ssRNA virus.
    • Transmission occurs via fecal-oral route.
    • Type B Hepatitis (HBV Infection, Serum Hepatitis) is caused by Hepatitis B virus (HBV), an enveloped, circular dsDNA virus.
    • Transmission occurs via sexual transmission, household contact, injected drug use, tattooing, and needlesticks.
    • Type C Hepatitis (HCV Infection, Non-A Non-B Hepatitis) is caused by Hepatitis C virus (HCV), an enveloped, linear ssRNA virus.
    • Transmission occurs primarily via parenteral transmission and rarely via sexual transmission.
    • Type D Hepatitis (HDV Infection, Delta Hepatitis) is caused by Hepatitis D virus (HDV, delta virus), an enveloped, circular ssRNA viral satellite.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of how viruses cause disease, including their multiplication within host cells and the destruction of host cells during their escape. It also covers specific viral infections of the skin, such as chickenpox and shingles.

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