Viral Infections and Replication Quiz

Viruses can only multiply inside living cells, such as bacteria or animal cells. These cells provide the resources, like energy and building blocks, needed for the virus to produce more copies of itself.

The stage in viral replication where the infecting virus particle is broken down and its infectiousness disappears. During this phase, the cell's machinery is hijacked to produce viral components.

The time taken for a virus to complete its replication cycle, from entering a cell to producing new infectious virus particles.

Viruses that infect bacteria.

The period following the eclipse period, where the newly replicated virus particles rapidly accumulate inside the host cell.

A single virus particle.

The process of assembling new virus particles from newly made viral components.

The number of infectious virus particles produced per cell after the virus replication cycle is complete.

A type of infection where a virus replicates and produces infectious progeny (new viral particles). This happens in cells that are suitable for viral replication.

A viral infection where the virus fails to produce infectious progeny. This can happen because the cell is incompatible with the virus or the virus is damaged.

A state where a virus exists in a host cell without actively replicating and producing new virus particles. The viral genome is present, but it is not actively replicating.

Cells that can support the complete replication cycle of a virus, leading to the production of infectious progeny.

The time period between the initial infection and the appearance of detectable viral particles outside the cell.

A type of infection where a virus replicates continuously within a host, often without causing significant symptoms. This differs from latent infection, as viral replication continues.

Viral genes that are expressed during latency. These genes help the virus persist in the host cell, preventing host cell death and suppressing the immune response.

The process of switching from a latent state to a productive state, where the virus starts actively replicating and producing new virus particles. This often leads to observable symptoms.

The process by which a virus binds to a specific receptor protein on the surface of a host cell.

The type of cells or organisms that a virus can infect.

A virus that can infect a wide range of cells or organisms.

A virus that can only infect a specific type of cell or organism.

The process by which genetic information from a virus is incorporated into the host cell's DNA.

The process by which a virus replicates its genetic material within a host cell.

The release of new virus particles from a host cell.

The visible changes within a cell that are caused by a viral infection, usually seen under a microscope. It can be a sign of a virus damaging and killing a host cell, leading to lysis.

A viral particle that can infect and replicate in a host cell.

The process where a cell engulfs a substance, often a virus particle, by forming a pocket that pinches off into a vesicle. This is a way for viruses to enter cells.

The removal of a virus's outer protective coat, called the capsid, allowing the viral genetic material to be released inside the host cell, ready to replicate.

Early proteins that help the virus replicate its genetic material inside the host cell.

The process by which the virus's genetic material is copied within the host cell, producing more viral DNA or RNA.

Proteins found in the outer structure of a virus, forming its coat.

New viruses that are assembled from the replicated genetic material and proteins within the host cell, ready to infect new cells.