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Questions and Answers
What is the characteristic symptom of the rash that appears on the cheeks of children infected with parvovirus B19?
What is the characteristic symptom of the rash that appears on the cheeks of children infected with parvovirus B19?
- Papular rash
- Slapped cheek appearance (correct)
- Butterfly-like rash
- Maculopapular rash
What is the common symptom experienced by adults infected with parvovirus B19?
What is the common symptom experienced by adults infected with parvovirus B19?
- Polyarthritis with or without a rash (correct)
- Aplastic crisis
- Hydrops fetalis
- Erythema infectiosum
What is the serious complication of parvovirus infection in people with chronic hemolytic anemia?
What is the serious complication of parvovirus infection in people with chronic hemolytic anemia?
- Erythema infectiosum
- Aplastic crisis (correct)
- Polyarthritis
- Hydrops fetalis
What is the effect of parvovirus infection on hemoglobin levels during the prodromal period?
What is the effect of parvovirus infection on hemoglobin levels during the prodromal period?
What is the duration of reticulocytopenia in patients with chronic hemolytic anemia infected with parvovirus B19?
What is the duration of reticulocytopenia in patients with chronic hemolytic anemia infected with parvovirus B19?
What is the risk of fetal death in a pregnant seronegative mother infected with parvovirus B19?
What is the risk of fetal death in a pregnant seronegative mother infected with parvovirus B19?
What is the effect of parvovirus infection on erythropoiesis in the bone marrow of patients with chronic hemolytic anemia?
What is the effect of parvovirus infection on erythropoiesis in the bone marrow of patients with chronic hemolytic anemia?
What is the characteristic symptom of parvovirus infection in immunocompromised individuals?
What is the characteristic symptom of parvovirus infection in immunocompromised individuals?
What was the appearance of the daughter's face?
What was the appearance of the daughter's face?
What symptom did the mother report having more of than usual?
What symptom did the mother report having more of than usual?
When was the child contagious?
When was the child contagious?
What causes the initial nonspecific disease signs?
What causes the initial nonspecific disease signs?
What causes the rash?
What causes the rash?
Why are individuals with chronic hemolytic anemia at increased risk for serious disease after B19 infection?
Why are individuals with chronic hemolytic anemia at increased risk for serious disease after B19 infection?
Why is quarantine a poor means of limiting the spread of B19 parvovirus?
Why is quarantine a poor means of limiting the spread of B19 parvovirus?
What is a risk factor for serious disease after B19 infection in pregnant women?
What is a risk factor for serious disease after B19 infection in pregnant women?
What is a notable symptom of Parvovirus B19 infection?
What is a notable symptom of Parvovirus B19 infection?
What is a symptom of Parvovirus B19 infection in adults?
What is a symptom of Parvovirus B19 infection in adults?
What is the typical course of Parvovirus B19 infection?
What is the typical course of Parvovirus B19 infection?
What is the characteristic rash of Parvovirus B19 infection?
What is the characteristic rash of Parvovirus B19 infection?
What is the time frame during which a child with Parvovirus B19 infection is contagious?
What is the time frame during which a child with Parvovirus B19 infection is contagious?
What is the underlying condition that increases the risk of serious disease after Parvovirus B19 infection?
What is the underlying condition that increases the risk of serious disease after Parvovirus B19 infection?
What is the reason why quarantine is a poor means of limiting the spread of Parvovirus B19?
What is the reason why quarantine is a poor means of limiting the spread of Parvovirus B19?
What is the diagnostic method used to detect Parvovirus B19 DNA in clinical samples?
What is the diagnostic method used to detect Parvovirus B19 DNA in clinical samples?
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Study Notes
Phases of Parvovirus B19 Infection
- Large numbers of viruses are released in oral and respiratory secretions during the first phase, making the person contagious.
- The second phase is immune-mediated, characterized by arthralgia and rash, which occur when specific antibodies react with B19 and form immunocomplexes that deposit and cause tissue injury.
Effects of Parvovirus B19 Infection
- In children, B19 virus causes erythema infectiosum (fifth disease), characterized by a distinctive rash on the cheeks, which appears as if they have been slapped.
- In adults, B19 infection causes polyarthritis (with or without a rash) that can last for weeks.
- In patients with chronic hemolytic anemia (e.g., sickle cell anemia), serious complications can occur, including aplastic crisis, characterized by a transient reduction of erythropoiesis in the bone marrow, leading to reticulocytopenia, decreased hemoglobin levels, and systemic manifestations of fever, rash, and arthralgia.
Diagnosis and Treatment
- Diagnosis is usually based on clinical picture, but definitive diagnosis can be made using serological techniques (ELISA for B19 IgM and IgG) and molecular techniques (PCR for detecting B19 DNA in clinical samples).
- No specific antiviral treatment or human vaccine is available.
Case Study
- The symptoms of the mother and daughter are related, as they are both caused by the presence of antibody, formation of immune complexes, and hypersensitivity reactions.
- The biphasic nature of the disease and the slapped-face rash are notable symptoms of parvovirus B19 etiology.
- Quarantine is a poor means of limiting the spread of B19 parvovirus because the virus is spread before the onset of the classic disease signs and symptoms of erythema infectiosum (fifth disease).
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