Viral Infection Factors Quiz

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What factors can promote viral disease?

Poor nutritional status, virulence (correct)

Healthy nutritional status, innate immunity

Genotype, physicochemical barriers

Tropism, adaptive immunity

How does malnutrition affect the body's ability to fight disease?

Enhances adaptive immunity

Strengthens physicochemical barriers

Promotes virion production

Makes the immune system less effective (correct)

What can make some individuals more prone to infection and disease?

Innate immunity

Healthy nutritional status

Expression of specific MHC-I alleles (correct)

Physicochemical barriers

Do all viral infections result in disease?

Not necessarily Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a productive viral infection and a non-productive or abortive viral infection?

Progeny virions are produced in a productive viral infection. Signup and view all the answers

How can non-productive infections by viruses lead to disease?

By transforming host epithelial cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is an example of a non-productive infection leading to disease?

Human papillomavirus Signup and view all the answers

What can cause disease in immunocompromised hosts in the case of BK virus?

Reactivation of infection in immunocompromised hosts Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathogenesis of cervical carcinoma caused by some human papillomavirus types?

Alteration of host cell cycle regulatory processes Signup and view all the answers

Why do some productive infections only cause disease in immunocompromised hosts?

Reactivation of infection in immunocompromised hosts Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial requirement for a virus to overcome host defenses?

Avoiding local and systemic antiviral defenses Signup and view all the answers

How can damage occur to the host during a viral infection?

By transforming healthy cells into virally infected cells Signup and view all the answers

What determines the outcome of a viral infection in a host?

The balance between factors that promote disease and those that guard against it Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to direct cell/tissue/organ/system destruction during a viral infection?

Changes in cellular functions/characteristics of virally infected cells Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the first pattern of persistent infection from the acute infection?

The pathogen remains and keeps multiplying at a low level Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is an example of a pathogen that remains latent and can reactivate to cause recurring disease?

Human herpesvirus 4 (Epstein-Barr virus) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the cyclic, or periodic, disease pattern of infection?

Recurring disease separated by asymptomatic periods Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is an example of a pathogen that causes both varicella (chickenpox) and later in life, zoster (shingles)?

Human herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster virus) Signup and view all the answers

Which viruses are typical examples of pathogens with a continuous buildup after recovery leading to recurring disease?

HIV-1, HIV-2, & HTLV-1 Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of prion diseases in terms of the accumulation of pathogens?

Continuous buildup in the absence of an acute phase Signup and view all the answers

What is the stage responsible for viral amplification and spread to secondary site(s) of infection?

Incubation period Signup and view all the answers

Which stage is responsible for limiting disease and/or contributing to disease?

Immune responses Signup and view all the answers

When can transmission of a viral disease occur?

Between stage 2 and past stage 7 Signup and view all the answers

Which phase is usually associated with characteristic signs and symptoms of the disease?

Symptomatic phase Signup and view all the answers

In which stage can symptoms linger and wane?

Resolution of disease Signup and view all the answers

What do you call infections that can go completely undetected during some or all of the stages?

Subclinical infections Signup and view all the answers

Which pattern is characterized by the acquisition of a pathogen that multiplies to the extent of causing disease and is then completely eliminated by the host’s immune system?

Acute disease pattern Signup and view all the answers

Which type of infection occurs without overt disease due to the host’s immune system clearing the pathogen prior to the appearance of symptoms?

Asymptomatic infection Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of infections that fall into the category of acute subclinical or asymptomatic infections?

Rhinoviruses, rotaviruses, and noroviruses Signup and view all the answers

What type of progression does Hepatitis B virus present when the acute disease is resolved?

Self-limited, acute progression when the virus is cleared by the host’s immune system Signup and view all the answers

What type of individuals does BK virus cause disease in?

Immunocompromised or immunosuppressed individuals only Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can tip the balance in favor of illness or exacerbate it?

Healthy nutritional status Signup and view all the answers

What is the main outcome of a productive viral infection?

Virion production Signup and view all the answers

Which haplotypes are more prone to infection and disease with some agents than others?

HLA-B0027 or HLA-B0057 MHC-I alleles Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to disease in immunocompromised hosts in the case of BK virus?

Infection or reactivation of the virus Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of infections that fall into the category of acute subclinical or asymptomatic infections?

They are completely undetected during some or all of the stages Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the first pattern of persistent infection from the acute infection?

The pathogen is completely eliminated by the immune system in acute infection Signup and view all the answers

What can cause direct destruction to cell/tissue/organ/system during a viral infection?

$Human$ papillomavirus$ infection Signup and view all the answers

What determines whether a viral infection will yield progeny virions or not?

$The$ replicative cycle Signup and view all the answers

What can make it easier for some individuals to get infected and suffer from disease?

Haplotypes, immunodeficiencies Signup and view all the answers

What are the examples of factors guarding from disease?

$Physicochemical$ barriers, behaviors, innate and adaptive immunity, healthy nutritional status, genotype of an individual Signup and view all the answers

What is irrelevant when considering viruses from a viral perspective?

The production of progeny virions Signup and view all the answers

What is one possible outcome from a viral perspective?

The replicative cycle determining the outcome Signup and view all the answers

Viral Infection Factors Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What factors can promote viral disease?

How does malnutrition affect the body's ability to fight disease?

What can make some individuals more prone to infection and disease?

Do all viral infections result in disease?

What is the main difference between a productive viral infection and a non-productive or abortive viral infection?

How can non-productive infections by viruses lead to disease?

Which virus is an example of a non-productive infection leading to disease?

What can cause disease in immunocompromised hosts in the case of BK virus?

What is the pathogenesis of cervical carcinoma caused by some human papillomavirus types?

Why do some productive infections only cause disease in immunocompromised hosts?

What is a crucial requirement for a virus to overcome host defenses?

How can damage occur to the host during a viral infection?

What determines the outcome of a viral infection in a host?

What can lead to direct cell/tissue/organ/system destruction during a viral infection?

What distinguishes the first pattern of persistent infection from the acute infection?

Which virus is an example of a pathogen that remains latent and can reactivate to cause recurring disease?

What characterizes the cyclic, or periodic, disease pattern of infection?

Which virus is an example of a pathogen that causes both varicella (chickenpox) and later in life, zoster (shingles)?

Which viruses are typical examples of pathogens with a continuous buildup after recovery leading to recurring disease?

What is characteristic of prion diseases in terms of the accumulation of pathogens?

What is the stage responsible for viral amplification and spread to secondary site(s) of infection?

Which stage is responsible for limiting disease and/or contributing to disease?

When can transmission of a viral disease occur?

Which phase is usually associated with characteristic signs and symptoms of the disease?

In which stage can symptoms linger and wane?

What do you call infections that can go completely undetected during some or all of the stages?

Which pattern is characterized by the acquisition of a pathogen that multiplies to the extent of causing disease and is then completely eliminated by the host’s immune system?

Which type of infection occurs without overt disease due to the host’s immune system clearing the pathogen prior to the appearance of symptoms?

What are examples of infections that fall into the category of acute subclinical or asymptomatic infections?

What type of progression does Hepatitis B virus present when the acute disease is resolved?

What type of individuals does BK virus cause disease in?

Which of the following factors can tip the balance in favor of illness or exacerbate it?

What is the main outcome of a productive viral infection?

Which haplotypes are more prone to infection and disease with some agents than others?

What can lead to disease in immunocompromised hosts in the case of BK virus?

What is the characteristic of infections that fall into the category of acute subclinical or asymptomatic infections?

What distinguishes the first pattern of persistent infection from the acute infection?

What can cause direct destruction to cell/tissue/organ/system during a viral infection?

What determines whether a viral infection will yield progeny virions or not?

What can make it easier for some individuals to get infected and suffer from disease?

What are the examples of factors guarding from disease?

What is irrelevant when considering viruses from a viral perspective?

What is one possible outcome from a viral perspective?

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