Immunology Quiz on Viral Infection and Response

<p>Antibodies block the virus's ability to bind to host cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vaccinia virus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adenovirus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Destroying virally infected cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By infecting macrophages and T lymphocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural Killer (NK) cells (A), Interferon (IFN) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adaptive immunity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cholera bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Destroying infected cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type I interferon (IFN-α, β) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Innate immunity is specific to a particular pathogen, while adaptive immunity is not. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development of memory cells that can rapidly respond to future infections with the same virus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their immune system cannot mount a strong enough response to eliminate pathogens efficiently. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pandemic was caused by a new strain of influenza virus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The virus's ability to enter human cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Escherichia coli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To recognize and bind to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of a thin peptidoglycan layer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phagocytosis mediated by antibody binding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To kill infected cells that harbor intracellular bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has the ability to develop memory and improve response upon re-exposure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fungal infections are often caused by opportunistic pathogens that typically do not cause disease in healthy individuals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Release of histamine, heparin, and cytokines from mast cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to kill infected cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Plasmodium parasite undergoes a complex life cycle with multiple stages, making it difficult to target with a single vaccine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibody-mediated opsonization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neutrophils are the primary phagocytic cells that engulf and destroy fungal pathogens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Candida albicans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Food poisoning (from E. coli 0157:H7) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>AIDS patients often experience a decrease in immune cell function, making them susceptible to opportunistic infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The body’s first line of defense against infections, including physical barriers and immune responses like phagocytosis.

A specific immune response that develops over time, involving antibodies and memory cells for long-lasting immunity.

The ability of the immune system to remember past infections for quicker responses in the future.

A type of immune cell that directly kills infected cells, especially important in virus control.

A type of lymphocyte that attacks body cells infected with viruses instead of the viruses directly.

Proteins produced by host cells that help prevent viral replication and activate immune cells.

The process where antibodies label pathogens for destruction by phagocytic cells like macrophages.

A mechanism where immune cells target and kill infected cells by recognizing antibodies bound to the cell.

The body's immune response specifically targeting viruses, involving both innate and adaptive components.

A virus that can lead to cancer development, such as human papillomavirus (HPV).

The initial, non-specific immune response to viral infections, including anti-viral effects and cell lysis.

The process where antibodies bind to free viruses, preventing them from infecting cells.

A mechanism where antibodies mark virus-infected cells for destruction by immune cells like NK cells and macrophages.

Strategies used by viruses to escape detection and destruction by the immune system.

Molecules on cell surfaces that present viral antigens to CTLs for recognition and destruction.

A bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, affecting 8.8 million people annually.

A bacterium residing in the gut; most strains are harmless but some can cause food poisoning.

The process by which cells ingest harmful bacteria and foreign particles.

The first line of immune defense, including immediate actions like phagocytosis and complement lysis.

The immune system's mechanism that adapts to specific pathogens through memory formation.

The clumping of pathogens by antibodies to neutralize them.

A process where the complement system destroys bacterial cells by forming pores in their membranes.

A type of bacteria, including those causing tuberculosis, often immune to standard responses.

A life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium, transmitted through mosquitoes.

An antibody that plays a crucial role in allergic reactions and defense against parasites.

A fungus causing infections like thrush, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.

The process by which pathogens are marked for destruction by antibodies.