Viral Effects on Host Cells Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT an important event in viral pathogenesis?

  • Viral entry into the host
  • The elimination of the virus by the host organism
  • The formation of the virion (correct)
  • Viral replication in the place of first implant

    • Which route of viral penetration is less common but still frequent?

  • Skin lesion route
  • Genital route (correct)
  • Respiratory route
  • Gastrointestinal route

    • What determines the virulence of each type of virus?

  • The permissiveness of the host and its organs
  • Small mutations in the genome (correct)
  • The location of the first implant
  • The pathogenic activity of the virus itself

    • Which route of transmission is influenced by social and economic conditions and is commonly associated with contaminated food?

    <p>Gastrointestinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus can be transmitted through breast-feeding and can be reduced by early treatment after birth of HIV newborn?

    <p>HIV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of infection is restricted to certain areas but can have generalized effects on the body?

    <p>Localized infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of dissemination is the most common for viruses?

    <p>Systemic blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a possible mode of viral elimination?

    <p>Airway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which viruses are known to spread through the nervous route?

    <p>Rhabdoviruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between incubation period and generation time?

    <p>Generation time refers to transmission to another individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of chronic viral infections?

    <p>The acute stage is absent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is associated with primary hepatocellular carcinoma?

    <p>Hepatitis B virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is the causative agent of Burkitt lymphoma with the translocation of c-myc oncogene?

    <p>Epstein-Barr virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is associated with cervical cancer?

    <p>Human papillomavirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is associated with Kaposi's sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma?

    <p>Human herpesvirus 8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of cytopathic effect (CPE)?

    <p>Formation of multinucleated giant cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of apoptosis in virus-infected cells?

    <p>To prevent the spread of the virus within the host organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following viruses is capable of inhibiting the expression of proteins directly involved in apoptosis and their related targets?

    <p>CMV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is transformation in the context of virus-host cell interactions?

    <p>The process by which a cell loses control of its proliferation and becomes cancerous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the multifactorial process of tumor formation involves the indefinite multiplication of cells with the formation of lines or clones?

    <p>Immortalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of oncogenes in normal cell proliferation?

    <p>They are necessary for cellular homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of human cancers has a viral etiology, according to the text?

    <p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which RNA virus can cause transformation during permissive infections?

    <p>Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an important event in viral pathogenesis?

    <p>Overcoming of local defenses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common route of viral penetration?

    <p>Respiratory route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the virulence of a virus?

    <p>The permissiveness of the host and its organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus can be transmitted from mother to child through breast-feeding?

    <p>HIV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common route of transmission for viruses that is influenced by social and economic conditions?

    <p>Gastrointestinal route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a less common but still frequent route of transmission for viruses that interests adults only?

    <p>Genital route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of localized infections caused by viruses?

    <p>They remain confined to the tissues of the site of entry or to those adjacent to it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of oncogenes?

    <p>They may lead to neoplastic transformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is associated with adult T-cell leukemia?

    <p>HTLV-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between initiators and promoters in the context of tumorigenesis?

    <p>Initiators induce heritable changes in some cells, promoters cause the formation of the tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of complete carcinogens?

    <p>They are capable of initiatives and promotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cytopathic effect (CPE)?

    <p>Morphological alterations that occur in host and cell cultures in vitro</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is apoptosis?

    <p>Programmed cell death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is transformation?

    <p>The process by which a cell loses control of its proliferation and becomes cancerous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of apoptosis in virus-infected cells?

    <p>To prevent the spread of the virus within the host organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is associated with Merkel cell carcinoma?

    <p>Polyomavirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is NOT associated with cervical cancer?

    <p>Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma?

    <p>Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is associated with anogenital cancers and Epidermodysplasia verruciformis?

    <p>Human papillomavirus (HPV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of latent infections?

    <p>The virus remains in the form of integrated nucleic acid into the host cell genome or present in the cell nucleus in the episomic form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of chronic infections?

    <p>The virus is continuously produced even after the acute phase, usually at much lower levels and for a long time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of slow infections?

    <p>The acute stage is completely absent and the disease is characterized by a long incubation period that can last several years, followed by a progressive disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a possible mode of viral elimination?

    <p>Airway</p> Signup and view all the answers

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