46 Questions
Which of the following is NOT an important event in viral pathogenesis?
The formation of the virion
Which route of viral penetration is less common but still frequent?
Genital route
What determines the virulence of each type of virus?
Small mutations in the genome
Which route of transmission is influenced by social and economic conditions and is commonly associated with contaminated food?
Gastrointestinal tract
Which virus can be transmitted through breast-feeding and can be reduced by early treatment after birth of HIV newborn?
HIV
Which type of infection is restricted to certain areas but can have generalized effects on the body?
Localized infections
Which route of dissemination is the most common for viruses?
Systemic blood
Which of the following is a possible mode of viral elimination?
Airway
Which viruses are known to spread through the nervous route?
Rhabdoviruses
What is the difference between incubation period and generation time?
Generation time refers to transmission to another individual
What is a characteristic of chronic viral infections?
The acute stage is absent
Which virus is associated with primary hepatocellular carcinoma?
Hepatitis B virus
Which virus is the causative agent of Burkitt lymphoma with the translocation of c-myc oncogene?
Epstein-Barr virus
Which virus is associated with cervical cancer?
Human papillomavirus
Which virus is associated with Kaposi's sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma?
Human herpesvirus 8
Which of the following is a characteristic of cytopathic effect (CPE)?
Formation of multinucleated giant cells
What is the purpose of apoptosis in virus-infected cells?
To prevent the spread of the virus within the host organism
Which of the following viruses is capable of inhibiting the expression of proteins directly involved in apoptosis and their related targets?
CMV
What is transformation in the context of virus-host cell interactions?
The process by which a cell loses control of its proliferation and becomes cancerous
Which phase of the multifactorial process of tumor formation involves the indefinite multiplication of cells with the formation of lines or clones?
Immortalization
What is the role of oncogenes in normal cell proliferation?
They are necessary for cellular homeostasis
What percentage of human cancers has a viral etiology, according to the text?
15%
Which RNA virus can cause transformation during permissive infections?
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)
Which of the following is an important event in viral pathogenesis?
Overcoming of local defenses
Which of the following is a common route of viral penetration?
Respiratory route
What determines the virulence of a virus?
The permissiveness of the host and its organs
Which virus can be transmitted from mother to child through breast-feeding?
HIV
Which of the following is a common route of transmission for viruses that is influenced by social and economic conditions?
Gastrointestinal route
Which of the following is a less common but still frequent route of transmission for viruses that interests adults only?
Genital route
Which of the following is a characteristic of localized infections caused by viruses?
They remain confined to the tissues of the site of entry or to those adjacent to it
Which of the following is a characteristic of oncogenes?
They may lead to neoplastic transformation
Which virus is associated with adult T-cell leukemia?
HTLV-1
What is the difference between initiators and promoters in the context of tumorigenesis?
Initiators induce heritable changes in some cells, promoters cause the formation of the tumor
Which of the following is a characteristic of complete carcinogens?
They are capable of initiatives and promotions
What is the cytopathic effect (CPE)?
Morphological alterations that occur in host and cell cultures in vitro
What is apoptosis?
Programmed cell death
What is transformation?
The process by which a cell loses control of its proliferation and becomes cancerous
What is the purpose of apoptosis in virus-infected cells?
To prevent the spread of the virus within the host organism
Which virus is associated with Merkel cell carcinoma?
Polyomavirus
Which virus is NOT associated with cervical cancer?
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
Which virus is associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
Which virus is associated with anogenital cancers and Epidermodysplasia verruciformis?
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
Which of the following is a characteristic of latent infections?
The virus remains in the form of integrated nucleic acid into the host cell genome or present in the cell nucleus in the episomic form.
Which of the following is a characteristic of chronic infections?
The virus is continuously produced even after the acute phase, usually at much lower levels and for a long time.
Which of the following is a characteristic of slow infections?
The acute stage is completely absent and the disease is characterized by a long incubation period that can last several years, followed by a progressive disease.
Which of the following is a possible mode of viral elimination?
Airway
Test your knowledge on the effects of viruses on host cells with this quiz! Learn about the various changes that occur in cell morphology, metabolism, and genetics during viral infections. Explore the two distinct events that can occur as a result of infection and understand the concept of cytopathic effect. Keywords: viruses, host cells, cytopathic effect, infection, cell morphology, genetics, metabolism.
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