Viral Classification Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the focus of virology?

  • Exploring the use of viruses in therapy
  • Studying the structure and evolution of viruses
  • Investigating the interaction of viruses with host organism physiology (correct)
  • Researching the techniques to isolate and culture viruses

    • What did Martinus Beijerinck identify as a novel pathogen, marking the official beginning of virology as a discipline?

  • Rabies virus
  • HIV
  • Influenza virus
  • Tobacco mosaic disease (TMV) (correct)

    • What is the defining characteristic of viruses?

  • They are capable of independent energy production
  • They are obligate intracellular parasites (correct)
  • They can replicate by division
  • They have both RNA and DNA in their genome

    • What type of genomes can viruses possess?

    <p>Either RNA or DNA but not both</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do viruses replicate?

    <p>By assembling viral components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Beijerinck use the term 'virus' to describe?

    <p>'Contagious living fluid'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes the relationship between viruses and host cells?

    <p>'Parasitic'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of medical virology?

    <p>'Investigating viruses in relation to human diseases'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Virology' is a subfield of which scientific discipline?

    <p>'Microbiology'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common morphology exhibited by viruses?

    <p>Naked capsid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the ability of a virus to exploit host cells?

    <p>Parasitism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who identified the causative agent of tobacco mosaic disease as a novel pathogen?

    <p>Martinus Beijerinck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size range of clinically important viruses?

    <p>18nm to 300nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory suggests that viruses are degenerate forms of intracellular parasites?

    <p>Regressive theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a viral particle functionally deficient in some aspects of replication?

    <p>Defective virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the protein coat that encloses the viral nucleic acid genome?

    <p>Capsid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of virus has an envelope composed of lipid-containing membrane?

    <p>Enveloped virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for complete and infective viral particles that transfer viral nucleic acid from cell to cell?

    <p>Virion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symmetry type is considered the most efficient arrangement for subunits in a closed shell?

    <p>Icosahedral or cubic symmetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered as a major component of a virus?

    <p>Ribosomal RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of size for clinically important viruses?

    <p>18nm to 300nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the evolutionary origin theories, which theory suggests that viruses are degenerate forms of intracellular parasites?

    <p>Regressive theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for viral particles functionally deficient in some aspects of replication?

    <p>Defective virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symmetry type is considered the most efficient arrangement for subunits in a closed shell?

    <p>Icosahedral symmetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the protein coat that encloses the viral nucleic acid genome?

    <p>Nucleocapsid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory suggests that viruses coevolved with life (free living cells)?

    <p>Co-evolution theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for complete and infective viral particles that transfer viral nucleic acid from cell to cell?

    <p>Virion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes abnormal infectious protein molecules that can spread & change the structure of their normal counterparts?

    <p>Prions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an enveloped virus comprise?

    <p>Capsid, envelope, nucleic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the basic protein building blocks of the coat, seen in electron microscope on the surface of icosahedral viral particles?

    <p>Capsomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a lipid-containing membrane that surrounds some viral particles?

    <p>Envelope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes the relationship between viruses and host cells?

    <p>Parasitic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the protein coat that encloses the viral nucleic acid genome?

    <p>Capsid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size range of clinically important viruses?

    <p>50–100 nanometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of virus has an envelope composed of lipid-containing membrane?

    <p>Retrovirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the ability of a virus to exploit host cells?

    <p>Pathogenicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Martinus Beijerinck identify as a novel pathogen, marking the official beginning of virology as a discipline?

    <p>Virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of medical virology?

    <p>Viral interaction with host physiology and immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Virology' is a subfield of which scientific discipline?

    <p>Microbiology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for complete and infective viral particles that transfer viral nucleic acid from cell to cell?

    <p>Virion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Beijerinck use the term 'virus' to describe?

    <p>A novel pathogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of genomes can viruses possess?

    <p>Single-stranded RNA or DNA but not both</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of viruses?

    <p>Lack of energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a virus particle?

    <p>To deliver its DNA or RNA genome into the host cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the protein coat enclosing the viral nucleic acid genome?

    <p>Nucleocapsid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic differentiates viruses from other living organisms?

    <p>Requirement of a host cell for replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a complete and infective viral particle that transfers viral nucleic acid from cell to cell?

    <p>Virion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of virus has an envelope composed of lipid-containing membrane?

    <p>Retrovirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for functionally deficient viral particles?

    <p>Defective virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist identified the causative agent of tobacco mosaic disease as a novel pathogen, marking the official beginning of virology as a discipline?

    <p>Martinus Beijerinck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Martinus Beijerinck use the term 'virus' to describe?

    <p>'Filterable infectious agent'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symmetry type is considered the most efficient arrangement for subunits in a closed shell?

    <p>Icosahedral symmetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to evolutionary origin theories, what theory suggests that viruses are degenerate forms of intracellular parasites?

    <p>Regressive hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size range of clinically important viruses?

    <p>70-90 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the protein building blocks of the coat in icosahedral viral particles?

    <p>Capsid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of genome necessitates different replication strategies?

    <p>Single stranded (ss) RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the morphologic subunits of the icosahedron?

    <p>Capsomeres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is not used as a parameter for classifying viruses?

    <p>Morphology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the genomic RNA strand of single-stranded RNA viruses that can serve as mRNA?

    <p>Sense (positive sense, plus sense)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which viruses are transmitted by blood-sucking arthropods and vertebrate hosts?

    <p>Athropod-borne viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which family does not contain viruses that infect humans and animals?

    <p>-virinae- family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major grouping is based on physicochemical or serologic properties within virus families?

    <p>-virus- genus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the site of capsid assembly and, in enveloped viruses, the site of envelopment?

    <p>Viral assembly complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of virus exhibits helical morphology in its nucleocapsids?

    <p>&quot;Filamentous&quot; viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of genetic material can occupy either one nucleic acid molecule or several nucleic acid segments?

    <p>Multipartite genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the characteristic involving involvement of vectors or vertebrate reservoirs in virus transmission?

    <p>Ecological properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary basis for separating viruses into major groupings called families?

    <p>Genome structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of virus has an envelope composed of lipid-containing membrane?

    <p>Filoviruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of medical virology?

    <p>Developing antiviral drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symmetry type is considered the most efficient arrangement for subunits in a closed shell?

    <p>Icosahedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the protein coat that encloses the viral nucleic acid genome?

    <p>Capsid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of size for clinically important viruses?

    <p>$10^{-9}$ to $10^{-6}$ meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the ability of a virus to exploit host cells?

    <p>Pathogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of genomes can viruses possess?

    <p>ssDNA and dsDNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for complete and infective viral particles that transfer viral nucleic acid from cell to cell?

    <p>Virion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Virology' is a subfield of which scientific discipline?

    <p>'Microbiology'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Rhabdoviridae' is known for which characteristic?

    <p>'Enveloped structure'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a lipid-containing membrane that surrounds some viral particles?

    <p>'Envelope'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory suggests that viruses coevolved with life (free living cells)?

    <p>'Coevolution hypothesis'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of virus exhibits helical morphology in its nucleocapsids?

    <p>Rhabdoviruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the basic protein building blocks of the coat, seen in electron microscope on the surface of icosahedral viral particles?

    <p>Capsomere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which family of viruses has an envelope composed of lipid-containing membrane?

    <p>Flaviviridae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Martinus Beijerinck identify as a novel pathogen, marking the official beginning of virology as a discipline?

    <p>Tobacco mosaic virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for complete and infective viral particles that transfer viral nucleic acid from cell to cell?

    <p>Virion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Rhabdoviridae' is known for which characteristic?

    <p>SS (-) RNA genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Virology' is a subfield of which scientific discipline?

    <p>Microbiology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Virology' is a subfield of which scientific discipline?

    <p>Microbiology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are capsids formed in enveloped viruses?

    <p>By self assembly of multiple protein copies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification criteria based on size and shape of viruses?

    <p>Morphology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of helical nucleocapsids?

    <p>Helical array of capsid proteins wrapped around a helical filament of nucleic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of viruses may have an outer envelope?

    <p>Enveloped viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used as a basis for separating viruses into major groupings called families?

    <p>Genome structure and mode of replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of arboviruses?

    <p>Transmitted by blood-sucking arthropods and vertebrate hosts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the suffix used for virus families?

    <p>-viridae-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of some nucleic acid genomes of viruses?

    <p>Linear or circular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Positive sense" orientation of viral RNA refers to what characteristic?

    <p>&quot;Sense&quot; orientation that can serve as mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of a virion?

    <p>To deliver its DNA or RNA genome into the host cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the structure of viruses?

    <p>Contain either a RNA or DNA genome surrounded by a protective protein coat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the site of capsid assembly and, in enveloped viruses, the site of envelopment?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a complete virus particle?

    <p>Virion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the nucleic acid-associated protein together with the viral genome?

    <p>Nucleocapsid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of viruses?

    <p>Dependence on host cells for replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Rhabdoviridae' is known for which characteristic?

    <p>Enveloped virus with helical morphology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the protein building blocks of the coat in icosahedral viral particles?

    <p>'Capsomeres'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of genetic material can occupy either one nucleic acid molecule or several nucleic acid segments?

    <p>'Segmaviruses'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of virus has an envelope composed of a lipid-containing membrane?

    <p>Helical morphology in its nucleocapsids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for functionally deficient viral particles?

    <p>Viroporin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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