Antiviral Drugs Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of viruses?

  • They are obligate intracellular parasites (correct)
  • They have a cell membrane
  • They have a cell wall
  • They have organelles

    • When do clinical symptoms typically appear in viral diseases?

  • At the beginning of the disease
  • Midway through the disease
  • Symptoms do not appear in viral diseases
  • Late in the course of the disease (correct)

    • What is the nature of antiviral drugs?

  • Virustatic (correct)
  • Virucidal
  • Prophylactic
  • Antibiotic

    • Which virus infects only people?

    <p>Influenza B virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the surface proteins of Influenza A virus used for?

    <p>Attachment and viral release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred approach for dealing with viral respiratory tract infections according to the text?

    <p>Immunization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of neuraminidase inhibitors?

    <p>Inhibiting the release of new virions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are Oseltamivir and Zanamivir mainly excreted from the body?

    <p>Excretion through the urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred route of administration for Zanamivir?

    <p>Inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the adverse effects of Oseltamivir?

    <p>Nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effect is associated with Zanamivir?

    <p>Respiratory discomfort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors?

    <p>Mutations of the neuraminidase enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nausea and vomiting associated with Oseltamivir can be minimized by taking it on an empty stomach.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Zanamivir may cause respiratory discomfort, especially in patients with airway diseases.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mutations in the neuraminidase enzyme can lead to resistance to both Oseltamivir and Zanamivir.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of adamantane antivirals?

    <p>Block M2 proton ion channel to prevent viral uncoating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the administration of adamantane antivirals most effective against Influenza A viruses?

    <p>A+C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Amantadine excreted from the body?

    <p>Excreted unchanged in the urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of Ribavirin?

    <p>Treatment of severe RSV bronchiolitis or pneumonia in children and infants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of viruses is Ribavirin active against?

    <p>Both RNA and DNA viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In addition to RSV infections, what other virus can Ribavirin be effective against when combined with other medications?

    <p>Hepatitis C virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ribavirin is active against both RNA and DNA viruses.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ribavirin can be used for the treatment of severe RSV bronchiolitis or pneumonia in children and infants.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of excretion for ribavirin and its metabolites?

    <p>Urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does ribavirin inhibit the replication of RNA and DNA viruses?

    <p>A+B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred route of administration for ribavirin in the treatment of RSV infection?

    <p>Aerosolized via nebulizer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for the use of ribavirin?

    <p>Pregnant patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effect may aerosolized ribavirin cause?

    <p>Conjunctival or bronchial irritation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effect is dose dependent and transient when using ribavirin?

    <p>Anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hepatitis virus is an RNA virus?

    <p>Hepatitis C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the following correct goal of chronic HBV therapy expect?

    <p>Suppression of HBV DNA to undetectable levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of interferon alpha as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Treatment of HBV and HCV infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of interferon alpha's binding to specific cell membrane receptors?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the use of interferon alpha uncommon, according to the text?

    <p>More effective and better tolerability agents available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Lamivudine activated within the host cell?

    <p>Via phosphorylation by host cell kinases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limits the chronic therapy of Lamivudine?

    <p>Emergence of Lamivudine resistant HBV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ribavirin is primarily used for the treatment of HIV infections.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic therapy with Lamivudine is limited due to the emergence of Lamivudine resistant HBV.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of adefovir?

    <p>Inhibition of HBV DNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adefovir dipivoxil is a prodrug of Adefovir.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ribavirin is primarily used for the treatment of HCV infections.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Zanamivir may cause respiratory discomfort, especially in patients with airway diseases.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adefovir is primarily excreted in the urine. True or False?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ribavirin is effective against both RNA and DNA viruses. True or False?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lamivudine is limited in chronic therapy due to the emergence of Lamivudine resistant HBV. True or False?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the limited chronic therapy of Lamivudine?

    <p>Emergence of Lamivudine resistant HBV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does Entecavir have on HIV?

    <p>B+D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Entecavir is activated by host cell kinases into triphosphate form. True or False?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adefovir is primarily excreted in the urine. True or False?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ribavirin is effective against both RNA and DNA viruses. True or False?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Entecavir is excreted primarily in the urine. True or False?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adverse effects of Entecavir include headache, fatigue, and dizziness. True or False?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ribavirin is effective against both RNA and DNA viruses. True or False?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is commonly associated with Tenofovir?

    <p>Nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of excretion for Tenofovir and its metabolites?

    <p>Urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Tenofovir against HBV?

    <p>Inhibition of HBV DNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tenofovir is activated by host cell kinases to diphosphate form. True or False?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Entecavir is primarily excreted in the urine. True or False?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ribavirin is effective against both RNA and DNA viruses. True or False?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of administration for Telbivudine in the treatment of HBV?

    <p>Oral administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Telbivudine against HBV?

    <p>Inhibits HBV DNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of administration for Telbivudine in the treatment of HBV?

    <p>Oral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary adverse effect associated with Telbivudine?

    <p>Nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary target of drugs used to treat Hepatitis C?

    <p>HCV RNA protease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of antiviral drugs targeting HCV RNA polymerase?

    <p>Cleavage of polyprotein by proteases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Sofosbuvir activated within the host cell?

    <p>By host cell kinases to triphosphate form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is often combined with Sofosbuvir in the treatment of Hepatitis C?

    <p>Ribavirin and peginterferon alfa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the route of elimination for Sofosbuvir from the body?

    <p>Urinary excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Dasa buvir?

    <p>Inhibits HCV NS 5 B RNA dependent RNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of excretion for Entecavir and its metabolites?

    <p>Urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Adefovir's excretion from the body?

    <p>Primarily excreted in the urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are NS34A serine protease inhibitors administered in the treatment of Hepatitis C?

    <p>Orally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    NS34A serine protease inhibitors prevent HCV RNA replication. True or False?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ribavirin is administered with NS34A protease inhibitors. True or False?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    NS5A replication complex inhibitors are metabolized by CYP 450 isoenzymes. True or False?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ribavirin is primarily used for the treatment of HIV infections. True or False?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of viral infections are HSV and VZV antiviral drugs effective against?

    <p>Acute phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What diseases are caused by HSV and VZV infections?

    <p>Cold sores and shingles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT treated using antiviral drugs according to the text?

    <p>Common cold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus infections are Acyclovir active against?

    <p>Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) and Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of excretion for Entecavir and its metabolites?

    <p>Urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of NS34A serine protease inhibitors used in the treatment of Hepatitis C?

    <p>Prevent HCV RNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which viruses are Acyclovir active against?

    <p>HSV and VZV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Acyclovir act in infected cells?

    <p>It selectively acts only in infected cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of administration for Acyclovir?

    <p>Oral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acyclovir is active against HSV 1, HSV 2, and VZV?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acyclovir is primarily excreted in the urine?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ribavirin is primarily used for the treatment of HIV infections?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of administration for topical Acyclovir in the treatment of cold sores?

    <p>Topical application to affected area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of infections is Acyclovir most effective against?

    <p>Herpes simplex and varicella-zoster virus infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of excretion for Acyclovir and its metabolites?

    <p>Renal excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effects are associated with the intravenous route of Acyclovir administration?

    <p>Reversible renal toxicity and neurologic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of resistance to Acyclovir in HSV or VZV infections?

    <p>Alterations in viral thymidine kinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is True adverse effect is commonly associated with the oral administration of Acyclovir ecxept?

    <p>Local irritation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Valacyclovir primarily converted in the body after oral administration?

    <p>Into acyclovir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of infections are Ganciclovir/Valganciclovir primarily used for?

    <p>Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of administration for Ganciclovir and Valganciclovir?

    <p>Intravenous (IV) and intravitreal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Valacyclovir is rapidly converted into acyclovir after oral administration.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ganciclovir/Valganciclovir have a similar mechanism of action as acyclovir/valacyclovir.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ribavirin is primarily used for the treatment of HIV infections.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary target of antiretroviral agents in the treatment of HIV infection?

    <p>A + B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of immunosuppression in patients with HIV infection?

    <p>Decreased CD4 cell count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) used in the initial therapy for HIV infection?

    <p>Didanosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are NRTIs activated within the host cell?

    <p>Activated to the triphosphate form by host cell kinases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tenofovir is activated to the triphosphate form by host cell kinases. True or False?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    NRTIs have low affinity to host cell DNA polymerase. True or False?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    NRTIs are primarily excreted renally, except for abacavir which is hepatically eliminated. True or False?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Abacavir hypersensitivity can present with fever, fatigue, rash, GI disturbances, and respiratory distress. True or False?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Toxicities due to inhibition of mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma include lactic acidosis with hepatic steatosis and lipodystrophy. True or False?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of administration for Abacavir?

    <p>Oral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is associated with NRTIs due to inhibition of mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma?

    <p>Lactic acidosis with hepatic steatosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of excretion for zidovudine and most NRTIs?

    <p>Renal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common adverse effect associated with Abacavir?

    <p>A+B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of administration for Tenofovir in its treatment of HIV infection?

    <p>Oral administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    NRTIs can cause lactic acidosis with hepatic steatosis and lipodystrophy. True or False?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended NNRTI in initial antiretroviral regimens?

    <p>Ribavirin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 2nd generation NNRTI active against HIV strains resistant to 1st generation NNRTIs?

    <p>Etravirine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which NNRTI is specifically recommended for patients with swallowing difficulty due to its small tablet form?

    <p>Rilpivirine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of NNRTIs and PIs in the treatment of HIV infection?

    <p>Reversible inhibition of HIV aspartyl protease retropepsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main requirement for boosting the bioavailability of PIs in combination therapy?

    <p>Potent inhibitors of CYP 3A isoenzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiretroviral drug blocks the CCR5 coreceptor to prevent HIV entry?

    <p>Maraviroc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effect is associated with the SC injection of Enfuvirtide?

    <p>Pain, erythema, and induration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiretroviral drug binds to the viral gp41 and is required for entry into CD4 cells?

    <p>Enfuvirtide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antiretroviral drugs inhibits the insertion of proviral DNA into the host cell genome?

    <p>Integrase inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effects are commonly associated with the use of Integrase inhibitors?

    <p>Nausea and diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Tenofovir primarily excreted from the body?

    <p>Renally</p> Signup and view all the answers

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