15.4

Study Notes

School violence puts students in danger and disrupts learning, and can include bullying and cyberbullying, fighting, and the use of weapons at school.
Strategies to prevent and reduce school violence include selecting strong student leaders, developing positive team-building activities, treating violent behavior as a serious offense, having a buddy system, encouraging students to report violent acts, enforcing rules, and offering peer mediation programs.

Gang violence is carried out by people in a gang, which is a group that engages in violent and illegal activities such as selling drugs, robbing people, and vandalizing property.
Risk factors for gang involvement include environment with widespread gang activity, low involvement in community, lack of educational and employment opportunities, availability of weapons, alcohol or drug use, violence or lack of adult supervision in the home, and negative self-esteem and feelings of hopelessness.

Physical symptoms of human trafficking include fatigue, headaches, back pain, and other health issues.
Mental health conditions associated with human trafficking include depression, anxiety, substance use disorders, and PTSD.
Human trafficking can also have negative effects on the community, including kidnappings, grief, and loss in families and schools.

Ways to prevent human trafficking include getting involved in organizations that work to prevent human trafficking, opposing violent behavior, and practicing safety precautions such as locking doors and windows, not meeting someone alone, and not giving out personal information.
Signs of human trafficking include receiving gifts or money, being in a relationship with an imbalance of power, and experiencing physical or emotional abuse.
If someone shows signs of being trafficked, they should talk to a trusted adult or contact the National Human Trafficking Hotline.

Hate crimes are threats or acts of violence that target people because of their race, ethnicity, disability, or religion.
Examples of hate crimes include vandalism, verbal threats, assaults, and physical or emotional attacks.
Hate crimes can cause injury or loss of property, emotional scarring, and a lasting impact on the community.

Human trafficking is a form of modern slavery in which people are forced or pressured to perform some job or service against their will.
Types of human trafficking include labor trafficking and sex trafficking.
Human trafficking can begin in many different ways, including coercion, misleading tactics, and false promises of better living conditions or a job.

Top recruitment tactics for human trafficking include intimate partner/marriage propositions, familial, posing as a benefactor, job offers, and false promises/fraud.

Homicide is the act of killing someone, and it can occur through physical injury or the use of a weapon.
Homicide leads to serious, lasting consequences, including the loss of life, devastation of families and communities, and serious criminal charges.
Preventing homicide requires reporting violent behavior to trusted adults and taking threats seriously.

Terrorism is the use of violence and threats to frighten and control groups of people, and it is often ideologically motivated.
Examples of terrorism include killing or injuring people to promote a political or religious view.
Terrorism can lead to the loss of many lives and creates fear in communities.
Preventing terrorism requires celebrating the differences among people, reporting suspicious activity, and seeking help if someone is being radicalized.