Vihisaha iyo Isku-darka Hiddeedyada

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Questions and Answers

Maxay ka timid habka fulinta ee D;ksa la xiriira?

Ka hortagga hawo-xireen (correct)

Deganaanshaha dheecaanka

Dhiska dhammaan kiimikooyinka

Abuurista kharash-badbaadin

Waa maxay higtada H3O+ ee loo adeegsado?

Hawatheynta

Dheecaanka dhexdhexaadinta (correct)

Ka hortagga nafaqo-xirfule

Kordhinta qandaraasyo

Maxay tahay natiijada habka oxidation ee Ca(OH)2?

Calcium chloride (correct)

Water

Calcium oxide

Hydrochloric acid

Waa maxay aqoonsiga D;ksa ee loogu talagalay Imnume?

Ujeedada gaarka ah Signup and view all the answers

Maxay tahay kiimikooyinka ka dhasha H+ iyo NaHCO3?

CO2, H2O Signup and view all the answers

Maxay tahay doorarka Na2CO3 oo leh 10 H2O?

Na2CO3.10H2O Signup and view all the answers

Maxay dhibaato ka dhalan kartaa isticmaalka NaHCO3 iyo OH-?

Yaraynta pH Signup and view all the answers

Maxay tahay dhibaatooyinka ka dhasha qaab-dhismeedka Na2CO3?

Dedaal sambab Signup and view all the answers

Maxay tahay xoojinta ka timaadda NaHCO3 iyo H+?

Soosaarida gaaska Signup and view all the answers

Maxay tahay pH-ga faytameenka (HCl) marka ay dheellitirka NaOH la tahay 10 mL iyo 8 mL?

7 Signup and view all the answers

Maxay tahay xaddiga HCl aan ka helno haddii aan isticmaalno 20 mL NaOH?

16 mL Signup and view all the answers

Waa maxay wakiilka kiimikaad ee NaCl marka loo eego mid kale?

LiCl Signup and view all the answers

Maxay tahay qaabka ugu wanaagsan ee lagu dheellitiro pH-ga cusub ee 7?

HCl Signup and view all the answers

Maxaa lHkh vEyksa leh oo aan ka mid ahayn H+ iyo OH–?

NaCl Signup and view all the answers

Waa maxay saamiga u dhaxeeya NaOH iyo HCl si loo gaaro dheelitirnaan?

1:1 Signup and view all the answers

Maxaa sax ah oo ku saabsan HCl markii la isku daro biyaha?

Waxay samaysaa H3O+ Signup and view all the answers

Waa maxay halkan ka jira ee dheelitirnaanta pH ee NaCl marka ay la kulanto NaOH?

Neutral Signup and view all the answers

Waa maxay isticmaalka wakiilada acid iyo alkaali sida NaOH iyo HCl?

Si loo sameeyo fal-galka kiimikada Signup and view all the answers

Maxay tahay natiijada marka OH– iyo H+ ay is-dhaafsadaan?

Waxay sameeyaan H2O Signup and view all the answers

Macnaha 'pH' ee qofka, muxuu uga dhigan yahay sadarro?

Dheellitir Signup and view all the answers

Waa maxay saamaynta ay leedahay dufanka (olive oil) marka lagu daro wakiilada acid?

Waxay abuurtaa fal-celin dhadhan Signup and view all the answers

Xaddiga NaOH oo lagu daro HCl, maxay tahay tixraaca ugu fiican mar haddii pH-ga la tixgeliyo?

Hano Signup and view all the answers

Waa maxay doorashada saxda ah ee ku saabsan dabeecadda H2SO4 marka ay la falgalto H2O?

Waxay samaysaa H3O+ Signup and view all the answers

Maxaa dhacaya haddii la isku daro NaOH iyo HCl?

Waxay soo saartaa NaCl iyo H2O Signup and view all the answers

Maxaa sax ah oo ku saabsan jiidmada la xiriirta HCl marka la su'aalo?

HCl waa milmi karaan fiisigiga Signup and view all the answers

Waa maxay pH-ga kiimikooyinka aqoonsiga marka ay la kulanto NaOH?

7 Signup and view all the answers

Maxay yihiin dufanka lagama maarmaanka ah ee dhoobada (clay) lagu daro?

Calcium Signup and view all the answers

Waa maxay sababta aan u arki karno in HCl ay ka badato diidmada?

H+ wuxuu samayn karaa kicinta asaasiga ah Signup and view all the answers

Waa maxay saameynta khudaarta (turmeric) marka lagu daro acid?

Waxay beddeshaa midabka Signup and view all the answers

Haddii HCl uu yahay sun, maxay ka dhigeysaa kabka NaOH?

Basic Signup and view all the answers

Maxay tahay saameynta pH ee ka dhalanaysa isku dhafka NaOH iyo HCl?

Dhexdhexaad Signup and view all the answers

Sidee acidka iyo alkaaliga u wadaagaan falcelin?

Labadu waxay ka qaybqaataan falcelin Signup and view all the answers

Maxay tahay dabeecada OH– markii ay la falgasho NaOH?

Waxay ka dhigtaa in wadarta OH– ay korodho Signup and view all the answers

Waa maxay sababta loo isticmaalo methyl orange sida mashiinka falcelinta?

Waxay si sahlan u beddeshaa midab Signup and view all the answers

Maxay tahay tixraaca ugu wanaagsan ee cilmi ahaan loogu qeexayo dabeecadda HCl?

Acidic Signup and view all the answers

Waa maxay arrinta haatan ee OH– qumman?

OH– wuxuu aqbalaa H+ Signup and view all the answers

Waa maxay muhiimadda ah in la isticmaalo ikhdinas?

Si loo yareeyo xanuunka Signup and view all the answers

Maxay tahay xaalad u gaar ah NaOH marka ay la falgalaan HCl?

Waxay samaysaa NaCl Signup and view all the answers

Miyaad ogtahay in HCl wuxuu ka dhigayaa mushkilad xaddidan markay tahay?

10 Signup and view all the answers

Maxay yihiin noocyada kiimikada ee asal ahaan laga qaato dukhanka?

Alkaloids Signup and view all the answers

Maxay tahay dabeecada HCl, H2SO4 ee ay la falgalaan OH–?

Waa acid xoog leh Signup and view all the answers

Maxay yihiin halista saameynta kicinaya ka dib markii dhirta dhadheer waxay yeelanayaan?

Dhairyadu waxay keenaan dhaawaca Signup and view all the answers

Maxaa dhacaya marka aan H2O ku darno HCl?

PHDinggu waxay korodhay Signup and view all the answers

Maxay tahay qiimaha NaOH marka loo eego acid?

Waa mid ka madax bannaan Signup and view all the answers

Waa maxay xiriirka u dhexeeya milixda iyo shayga kiimikada?

Milixdu waxay abuurtaa hawshan Signup and view all the answers

Waa maxay waxyaabaha ka kooban Jaajuub ka dib markii aynu bar-darroogno?

Maraq Signup and view all the answers

Maxay tahay fursadaha xiga ee la xiriira acid?

Asaas Signup and view all the answers

Maxay yihiin dhadhanka dheef ah ee habka kiimikada?

Damiya Signup and view all the answers

Maxay tahay sababta H+ loogu yeero acidh?

Waa xoog leh Signup and view all the answers

Sidee maaddooyinka aan dawaha ahayn ay u dhisaan dhoobada?

Doonayso dhoobada Signup and view all the answers

Maxay tahay natiijada OH– ka dhigan marka ay samaysanto H2O?

Waa hawl Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mawduuca Hoosaadka

Vihisaha iyo isku-darka hiddeedyada waxay u adeegaan ujeedooyin kala duwan iyadoo loo eegayo xaaladdooda iyo saamaynta ay yeelayaan. Vihisadu waxay ka caawisaa ilaalinta cuntada iyo sidoo kale waxay leeyihiin faa'iidooyin kale oo caafimaad oo badan. Isku-darka hiddeedyada waxay ka caawisaa kor u qaadidda dhadhanka cuntada iyadoo la isticmaalayo xaddi yar oo vihisa ah, ayna soo saaraan cuntooyin leh dhadhan iyo qurxin la mid ah kuwo kale.

Isku-darka Vihisaha iyo Isku-darka Hiddeedyada

Dhowr nooc oo vihisa ah oo caan ah waxaa ka mid ah turmeric iyo saffron. Vihisaha turmeric wuxuu leeyahay midab jaalle ah oo madow, iyadoo sidoo kale ka caawinaya dhadhanka iyo midabka cuntada. Saffron wuxuu leeyahay midab huruud ah oo qurux badan, iyadoo ka caawinaya in cuntada loo siiyo dhadhan qurux badan iyo midab huruud dhalaalaya.
Dhowr nooc oo isku-darka hiddeedyada ah oo caan ah waxaa ka mid ah methyl orange iyo phenolphthalein. Methyl orange wuxuu leeyahay midab casaan ah marka uu ku jiro xalalka acidic, iyo midab jaalle ah marka uu ku jiro xalalka alkaline (basic). Phenolphthalein wuxuu leeyahay midab cad marka uu ku jiro xalalka acidic, iyo casaan cas ah marka uu ku jiro xalalka alkaline (basic).

Isku-darka Vihisaha iyo Isku-darka Hiddeedyada iyo Noocyada Xallinta

Vihisaha iyo isku-darka hiddeedyada waxay u adeegaan sidii tilmaamo lagu garto noocyada kala duwan ee xallinta. Tusaale ahaan, methyl orange wuxuu noqonayaa casaan marka uu ku jiro xalalka acidic, iyo jaalle marka uu ku jiro xalalka alkaline.
Vihisaha iyo isku-darka hiddeedyada waxay si gaar ah ula shaqeeyaan xalalka, taasoo ka caawisa in la oggaado nooca xalku yahay. Vihisadu waxay midab bedelaan iyadoo loo eegayo nooca xalku yahay (acidic, basic, ama neutral).

Isku-darka Vihisaha iyo Isku-darka Hiddeedyada iyo Falgalka Kiiimikaadka

Vihisaha iyo isku-darka hiddeedyada waxay si firfircoon ula falgalaan falgalka kiimikaadka. Tusaale ahaan, isku-darka hiddeedyada, sidamethyl orange, waxay ka caawisaa in la ogaado dhacdooyinka kiimikaadka ee la xiriira beddelka pH-ga xalka.

Isku-darka Vihisaha iyo Isku-darka Hiddeedyada iyo Cuntada

Vihisaha iyo isku-darka hiddeedyada waxay aad ugu muhiim yihiin diyaarinta cuntada. Vihisadu waxay ka caawisaa ilaalinta cuntada, sidoo kale waxay bixiyaan dhadhan iyo midab. Isku-darka hiddeedyada ayaa ka caawinaya in la muujiyo dhadhanka cuntada, iyadoo lagu darayo xaddi yar oo vihisa ah.

Hababka Loo Isticmaalo Vihisaha iyo Isku-darka Hiddeedyada

Vihisaha iyo isku-darka hiddeedyada waxaa loo isticmaalaa hab kala duwan si loo hubiyo tayada iyo amniga cuntada. Vihiska waxaa loo isticmaalaa si loo ilaaliyo cuntada, iyadoo la xakameynayo bakteeriyada. Isku-darka hiddedyada waxaa loo isticmaalaa si loo siiyo cuntada dhadhan iyo qurxin wanaagsan.

Kicitaan-ka Asidha iyo Salbaseedka

Asidhadu waa walxo aad u adag oo lagu garto dhadhanka xamaarta, taas oo marka la dul mariyo warqadda buluugga ah ay noqoto mid cas.
Saldooyinkuna waa walxo oo ka soo horjeeda asidha, kuwaas oo dhadhanka macaan leh, marka lagu daro warqadda cas ay noqoto mid buluug.
Asidha iyo salbeegyada marka lagu daro biyuhu waxay kala aqoonsadaan hidrogen ions ama hydroxide ions.
Asidhadu waxay biyaha ku soo saaraan hidrogen ions (H+).
Tusaale ahaan, HCl marka la dul saaro biyaha waxay soo saartaa hidrogen ions (H+) iyo chloride ions (Cl-): HCl + H2O → H3O+ + Cl–
H3O+ waxaa loo yaqaannaa Hydronium ion, laakiin sida caadiga ah loogu qoro H+(aq).
Biyuhu waxay isku darsamaan hidrogen ions si ay u sameeyaan Hydronium ions: H+ + H2O → H3O+
Saldooyinkuna waxay biyaha ku soo saaraan hydroxide ions (OH-)
Tusaale ahaan: NaOH(s)  → Na+(aq)+OH–(aq) KOH(s)  → K+(aq)+OH–(aq) Mg(OH)2(s)   → Mg2+(aq)+2OH–(aq)
Asidha iyo salbeegyadu marka la isu daro waxay sameeyaan biyo iyo cusbooyin cusub, tani waxay la socotaa kor u kaca heerkulka.
Asidha iyo salbeegyada waxay ku falgalaan si loo sameeyo biyo iyo cusbooyin cusub: vEy + {kkjd → yo.k + ty H X + M OH → MX + HOH H+(aq) + OH– (aq) → H2O(l)
Tusaha pH waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu cabiro awoodda asidhka ama salbeegyada ee dareerka.
Tusaha pH waxaa loo qaybiyaa 0 ilaa 14.
pH 7.0 waa dhexdhexaad, hooseeyana waa asidi ah, sareeyana waa salbaseed.

Cusbooyinka Muhiimka ah

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) waa cusbooyin lagu yaqaanaa inuu yahay salbaseed, oo loo isticmaalo xanuunka caloosha, sidaas darteed waa "antacid" oo markay la kulmaan asidha ay samayso kaarboon la'aan oo uumi ah.
Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) waa cusbooyin xoog leh oo badiyaa lagu isticmaalo "detergent"-ka iyo "glass"-ka.
Calcium hypochlorite (CaOCl2) waa cusbooyin loo isticmaalo in lagu nadiifiyo biyaha si looga ilaaliyo bakteeriyada.
Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) waa cusbooyin lagu isticmaalo "mortar"-ka iyo "cement "-ka.

Is-weydiinta

Asidhadu sidee loo aqoonsadaa?
Saldooyinkuna sidee loo aqoonsadaa?
Goorma ayay asidha iyo salbeegyadu falgalaan?
Tusaha pH waxaa loo isticmaalaa maxay?
NaHCO3 waa cusbooyin lagu yaqaanaa maxay?
CaOCl2 waa cusbooyin loo isticmaalaa maxay?
Ca(OH)2 waa cusbooyin lagu isticmaalo maxay?

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Qiimeynta vihisaha iyo isku-darka hiddeedyada ayaa muhiim u ah fahamka caafimaadka iyo dhadhanka cuntada. Vihisaha sida turmeric iyo saffron waxay ka caawinayaan ilaalinta cuntada midab iyo dhadhan. Maqaalkani wuxuu baarayaa saamaynta ay leeyihiin vihisaha iyo isku-darka hiddeedyada ee cuntooyinka.