Vietnamese Independence: Early Struggles

Vietnamese Independence

Early Struggles for Independence

• The Vietnamese people have a long history of fighting for independence, dating back to the 1st century AD when they first resisted Chinese rule.
• The Trưng Sisters, Trưng Trắc and Trưng Nhị, led the first recorded uprising against Chinese domination in 40 AD.

Lý Dynasty and the Fight Against Chinese Rule

• The Lý Dynasty (1009-1225) saw the rise of Vietnamese independence, with Lý Thái Tô (1009-1028) establishing the first independent Vietnamese state.
• The Lý Dynasty continued to resist Chinese rule, with Lý Thường Kiệt (1054-1105) defeating the Song Dynasty in 1075.

Trần Dynasty and the Mongol Invasions

• The Trần Dynasty (1225-1400) saw repeated Mongol invasions, with the Trần army successfully repelling three invasions in 1258, 1285, and 1287.
• The Trần Dynasty also saw the rise of the Vietnamese navy, which played a crucial role in defending against the Mongols.

Lê Dynasty and the fight against the Ming

• The Lê Dynasty (1428-1527) saw the Vietnamese people fighting against the Ming Dynasty's occupation of Vietnam.
• Lê Lợi, a Vietnamese national hero, led the Lam Sơn uprising (1418-1427) which eventually led to the expulsion of the Ming from Vietnam.

Later Struggles for Independence

• The Nguyễn Dynasty (1802-1945) saw the French colonization of Vietnam, with the Vietnamese people continuing to resist French rule.
• The Vietnamese people also fought against Japanese occupation during World War II.

Modern Era

• The First Indochina War (1946-1954) saw the Vietnamese people fighting against French colonial rule, with the Viet Minh, led by Hồ Chí Minh, declaring independence on September 2, 1945.
• The Vietnam War (1955-1975) saw the Vietnamese people fighting against American and South Vietnamese forces, with the North Vietnamese army eventually reunifying the country under communist rule.

Vietnamese Independence

Early Struggles for Independence

• In 40 AD, Trưng Trắc and Trưng Nhị, two Vietnamese sisters, led the first recorded uprising against Chinese domination.
• The Vietnamese people have a long history of fighting for independence, dating back to the 1st century AD.

Lý Dynasty and the Fight Against Chinese Rule

• Lý Thái Tô established the first independent Vietnamese state in 1009, marking the beginning of the Lý Dynasty.
• Lý Thường Kiệt defeated the Song Dynasty in 1075, continuing to resist Chinese rule.

Trần Dynasty and the Mongol Invasions

• The Trần Dynasty saw repeated Mongol invasions, with three successful defenses in 1258, 1285, and 1287.
• The Trần army's naval power played a crucial role in defending against the Mongols.

Lê Dynasty and the Fight Against the Ming

• The Lê Dynasty began in 1428, with Lê Lợi leading the Lam Sơn uprising (1418-1427) against the Ming Dynasty's occupation.
• The uprising resulted in the expulsion of the Ming from Vietnam.

Later Struggles for Independence

• The Nguyễn Dynasty began in 1802, but saw the French colonization of Vietnam.
• The Vietnamese people continued to resist French rule, and also fought against Japanese occupation during World War II.

Modern Era

• The First Indochina War (1946-1954) resulted in the Viet Minh, led by Hồ Chí Minh, declaring independence on September 2, 1945.
• The Vietnam War (1955-1975) saw the North Vietnamese army eventually reunifying the country under communist rule.