Vietnam Government Structure

Socialist Republic of Vietnam

• Capital: Hanoi
• Government Type: Authoritarian
• Legislature: Unicameral National Assembly with 500 members
• Political System: One-party system led by the Communist Party of Vietnam
• Executive Branch:
  • President: Vo Thi Anh Xuan, elected by National Assembly for a 5-year term (max two terms)
  • Prime Minister: Pham Minh Chinh, appointed by the President
  • Chairman of Council for Defense and Security serves as Commander-in-Chief of armed forces
• Judiciary:
  • Supreme People’s Court oversees judicial matters; Chief Justice is elected by the National Assembly
  • The judiciary operates independently from the executive
  • Supreme People’s Prosecutor supervises governmental and local authorities
• Local Governance: 58 provinces and 5 centrally controlled municipalities

Kingdom of Cambodia

• Capital: Phnom Penh
• Government Type: Constitutional monarchy with an elected parliamentary system
• Legislature: Bicameral Parliament
  • Senate (Proteashea): 61 members; 57 elected by National Assembly and local councils, 2 by National Assembly, and 2 appointed by the King
  • National Assembly (Radsphea): 123 members elected through universal suffrage
• Executive Branch:
  • King: Norodom Sihamoni; appoints Prime Minister, hereditary role, and supreme commander of armed forces
  • Prime Minister: Hun Sen, elected by the Assembly, leads the Council of Ministers for 5-year terms
• Judiciary: King acts as the guarantor of judicial independence

Socialist Republic of Laos

• Capital: Vientiane
• Government Type: Authoritarian
• Legislature: Unicameral National Assembly with 132 members
• Political System: One-party (Lao People’s Democratic Republic)
• Executive Branch:
  • President: Thongloun Sisoulith, elected by the National Assembly for a 5-year term, appoints Prime Minister and Cabinet
• Judiciary: Limited independence as the ruling party has authority over legal matters

Timor-Leste

• Capital: Dili
• Government Type: Democratic, Unitary, Parliamentary with Semi-Presidential features
• Legislature: Unicameral National Parliament (Parlamento Nacional)
• Political System: Multi-party
• Executive Branch:
  • President: Head of State; significant executive powers but not part of the Cabinet
  • Prime Minister: Head of government, serving a 5-year term (renewable once)
• Legislative Functions: Laws require approval from Parliament; both government and Parliament can sponsor legislation
• Judiciary: Courts are independent and operate under constitutional guidelines; Supreme Council for Judiciary manages appointments and oversight
• Local Governance: Features a unitary and decentralized state structure.