Video Encoding and Transcoding Quiz

A video compression standard designed for low-quality previews during video scrubbing, offering VHS quality at 352x240 resolution and up to 4095x4095 resolution with a maximum bitrate of 100 Mb/s. It's widely used in VCD and DVD-Video formats.

A video compression standard developed in 1996, extending upon MPEG-1 Part 2 with features like 16x16 macroblocks, 8x8 blocks, and support for 3D and interlaced video. It's used in various formats like DVB-T/S, DVD-Video, HDV, XDCAM, and Blu-ray, offering higher quality and flexibility.

A video compression standard that uses D-frames (low-quality frames) for previewing during scrubbing, offering a quality comparable to VHS at 352x240 resolution and scaling up to 4095x4095 resolution with a bitrate of 100 Mb/s. Used in VCD and DVD-Video formats.

ITU-T H.263 is a video compression standard designed for use on cell phones and other mobile devices. ISO/IEC 14496-2 (MPEG-4 Part 2, Visual) is based on this standard and is commonly used in DivX/XviD for video compression on personal computers.

ITU-T H.264/ISO/IEC 14496-10 (MPEG-4 Part 10, Advanced Video Coding) is a video compression standard that drastically improved compression efficiency compared to previous standards. It became widely adopted in various applications such as Blu-ray, video streaming, and video calling.

ITU-T H.265/ISO/IEC 23008-2 (MPEG-H Part 2, High Efficiency Video Coding) is a video compression standard offering even better compression and quality than H.264, allowing for higher resolution video at lower bitrates. It is used in applications like 4K and 8K video streaming.

ITU-T H.266/ISO/IEC 23090-3 (MPEG-I Part 3, Versatile Video Coding) is a video compression standard that further improves upon H.265 compression efficiency, enhancing video quality and reducing file sizes. It is designed for use in a wide range of applications, including VR and 3D content.

The VPX family is a series of video compression technologies developed by On2 Technologies (later acquired by Google). It has yielded several codecs used in various applications, including web browsers and video games.

Software-based encoding and decoding of video. Requires a CPU and utilizes instruction sets like SSE, AVX, and NEON for efficient processing.

A combination of software and hardware for video encoding/decoding. Offers a balance between performance and resource usage.

Uses a dedicated hardware circuit (ASIC) specifically designed for video encoding and decoding. Offers fast, real-time performance.

A type of HW encoder/decoder that utilizes a dedicated chip (ASIC) for video encoding and decoding. Offers high performance but requires dedicated hardware.

Microsoft's API for hardware-accelerated video decoding on Windows. Enables efficient video decoding by offloading processing to the graphics card.

Nvidia's API for encoding and decoding video on Linux. Enables efficient video processing by offloading tasks to the GPU.

A digital interface used primarily in broadcast environments for transmitting video, audio, and timecode over a coaxial cable. Offers high-quality video transmission with up to 10-bit 4:2:2 resolution.

A set of standards defining the transmission of audio and video over IP networks. Enables high-quality, reliable, and flexible media distribution.

A time reference embedded within video and audio materials for editing, synchronization, and identification. It is a form of media metadata.

A programming framework for writing programs that execute on different hardware platforms, including CPUs, GPUs, and other processors. Used for video processing tasks.

A sequence of images that creates the illusion of motion. It encompasses film, television, and video, and is considered an art form and a medium. Digital video is the modern, electronic medium, and is widely used in streaming services like YouTube and Netflix, replacing physical film reels.

A visual medium that uses a sequence of images to create the illusion of motion. It dates back to 130 years ago. Originally, film was used in cinema, but today it has evolved into a digital format. Video refers to the electronic medium used for capturing and transmitting images.

The number of frames displayed per second in a video. A higher frame rate results in smoother motion and a more realistic viewing experience. Different mediums have different standard frame rates, for example, film uses 24 fps, while television uses 25/50 fps (PAL) or 29.97/59.94 fps (NTSC).

A method of displaying images where all lines of a frame are drawn sequentially. Unlike interlaced, progressive provides a smoother and more realistic viewing experience as it avoids the 'comb-like' artifacts often seen with interlaced video during fast movement.

A method of displaying images where only odd or even lines of a frame are drawn alternately in succession. This results in a lower frame rate and is more susceptible to 'comb-like' artifacts during fast movement.

A technique where one frame is split into two fields. This allows for a progressive image to be transmitted through an interlaced transport chain. It's a way to work around the limitations of older television standards.

A method of transferring film to video where the film's 24 fps is slowed down to 29.97 fps. This is done by transforming every four frames into five, resulting in a smoother transition to the television standard. It was commonly used in the past but is becoming less relevant today due to digital video standards.

A video format that uses a frame rate higher than the traditional 24 fps in film. It aims to achieve a smoother and more realistic looking motion experience than those found with traditional frame rates. Used in blockbusters like the 'Hobbit' trilogy and 'Billy Lynn's Long Halftime Walk'.

The duration of time a single frame is exposed to light. It's expressed as a fraction of a second and is best synchronized with the frame rate. A lower shutter speed results in a smoother motion, whereas a higher shutter speed can cause a 'choppy' or 'strobing' effect.

The ratio of the width of an image to its height. It's expressed as two numbers, and determines the shape of the screen. Different mediums have different aspect ratios, for example, movies use 1.85:1, while television uses 16:9.

The number of bits used to represent the color information of a single pixel. Higher bit depths allow for a wider range of colors and greater detail in the image. Digital video standards are progressing from 8-bit to 12-bit, expanding the color spectrum and improving image quality.

A standard specifically for Standard Dynamic Range High Definition Television (SDR HDTV). It provides the technical specifications for image encoding, signal characteristics, and covers a range of resolutions and frame rates. Successor to Rec. 601 and used for many digital video formats and devices.

A standard for Standard Dynamic Range Ultra High Definition Television (SDR UHDTV) with Wide Color Gamut (WCG). It offers a larger color space and higher bit depth for enhanced image quality. It is compatible with several types of connections and supports a range of popular video codecs.

A standard that combines the benefits of High Dynamic Range (HDR) with the Rec 2020 specifications for Ultra High Definition Television (UHDTV). It offers even greater color and dynamic range enhancing image quality.

A standard used for transmitting television signals over the air, replacing the older analog system.

An advanced version of DVB-T, offering higher quality, more channels, and improved efficiency in using radio spectrum.

A set of standards and specifications for transmitting digital cinema content, ensuring high quality and consistency in movie theaters.

A file format used to package and distribute digital cinema content, containing the movie's video, audio, and metadata.

A method for delivering video over the internet, enabling users to watch content on demand or live.

A free and open-source multimedia software used for encoding, decoding, and manipulating video, audio, and other media formats.

A video compression standard that offers good efficiency, commonly used in streaming services like Netflix.

A video compression standard that improves upon H.264, enabling even higher quality and efficiency for video streaming.

The process of converting a digital video from one format to another. This involves tasks like changing the codec, resolution, bitrate, and frame rate.

A set of instructions or commands that define how to compress and decompress video data.

A method of encoding video by adjusting the bitrate based on the complexity of the scene, achieving a balance between quality and file size.

A type of video compression that prioritizes fast encoding speeds but often results in lower quality output.

A type of video compression that strives for high quality but can be time-consuming to process depending on the video's complexity.

A type of video compression that prioritizes small file sizes but often results in noticeable quality degradation.

The process of combining multiple video or audio streams into a single output file.

A royalty-free software specification that allows video-compatible products to communicate over a computer network, enabling high-definition video delivery and reception with low latency and high quality. It supports frame accurate video for live switching and production, making it suitable for professional broadcasting and production scenarios.

NDI HX uses H.264 compression, while NDI HX2 utilizes H.265 for video encoding. These technologies enable a more efficient and high-quality video transport over networks compared to standard NDI.

Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) is a successor to VCD and SVCD, offering higher storage capacity. DVD-Video, a standard managed by the DVD Forum, utilizes MPEG-2 compression with a resolution of 720×576 (D1) at up to 9.8 Mb/s and supports audio formats like PCM, AC-3, DTS, and MP2.

Blu-ray Disc, named after its blue laser technology, has higher storage capacity and uses various video codecs like MPEG-2, VC-1, H.264, and H.265 for UHD. It supports audio formats like PCM, AC-3, DTS, and DRA, and features like subtitles, images, and interactive menus. It is managed by the Blu-ray Disc Association.

The evolution of television has progressed through various stages. It started with mechanical TV systems in the 1930s with only around 100 lines of resolution, then transitioned to grayscale analog TV in the late 19th century until the 1970s (625 lines). Color analog TV became popular in the 1950s and lasted until the late 2010s. Digital TV, including SDTV and HDTV, gained momentum in the late 1980s and continues to evolve with newer technologies like UHDTV-1 and UHDTV-2.

DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting) is a widely adopted standard for digital terrestrial, satellite, cable, and mobile television broadcasting. It encompasses various standards such as DVB-T, DVB-S, DVB-C, and DVB-T2, defining the physical layer for signal distribution. It focuses on broadcasting infrastructure and doesn't specify codecs, leaving that choice to individual implementations.

DVB-T2 is a widely used digital terrestrial TV standard that enables efficient transmission of multiple TV channels within a single stream. It offers a high data rate of up to 50 Mb/s, allowing for a wide range of television services. It is a key technology in the transition from analog to digital TV in many countries.

DVB-S2 is a high-performance satellite TV standard, offering a data rate of up to 146 Mb/s. It utilizes advanced coding techniques and a more efficient modulation scheme, enabling a significant increase in the number of channels that can be broadcast within a single transponder. It also supports the use of multiple satellite beams, improving signal coverage and quality.

In the context of DVB-T2, 'multiplexing' refers to the capability of transmitting multiple television channels within a single stream, utilizing a shared bandwidth. Each channel is encoded separately and then combined into a single signal before transmission.