Victim Support Services Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of rape crisis centres and similar services?

  • To rehabilitate offenders
  • To conduct criminal investigations
  • To provide care and support to victims (correct)
  • To punish offenders

In which decade did services for male victims of crime start becoming available?

  • 2000s
  • 1970s
  • 1990s
  • 1980s (correct)

What right are victims of crime afforded in the criminal justice model?

  • To remain anonymous throughout the process
  • To prosecute offenders directly
  • To receive restitution from the offender (correct)
  • To have unlimited access to court documents

What is one challenge faced in the implementation of services for crime victims?

<p>Lack of motivation among relevant professionals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which countries are victims of all types of crime routinely contacted for support?

<p>United Kingdom and Netherlands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the care model of victim support?

<p>To provide financial compensation to victims (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect characterizes the second model of victim support?

<p>It administers victim services through the justice system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of statement can victims provide to the court to express the impact of their victimization?

<p>Victim Impact Statement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which model emphasizes the inclusion of victims within the criminal justice process?

<p>Criminal justice model (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant time period was noted for the introduction of state compensation schemes in western countries?

<p>1965 to 1980 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In developing nations, why is state compensation particularly important?

<p>Medical bills often lack full insurance coverage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to emphasize the provision of services to victims beyond the services themselves?

<p>To assist in the prevention and control of crime (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about existing state compensation schemes is accurate?

<p>They often fail to fully meet the needs of all victims (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What model combines elements of both the welfare and human rights approaches to victim support?

<p>The ideal victim policy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ideology primarily governs the first model of victim support?

<p>Care ideology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects a common issue faced by victims when applying for state compensation?

<p>Eligibility criteria can be limiting and complex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one primary goal of the victim empowerment program as part of the National Crime Prevention Strategy?

<p>To promote a victim-centred approach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements describes how victims can assist law enforcement?

<p>By installing burglar alarms to aid in arrests (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be an outcome of failing to empower victims within the criminal justice system?

<p>Encouragement of vigilantism or private justice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for addressing the needs of crime victims according to the multi-agency approach?

<p>Welfare agencies and volunteers in collaboration with law enforcement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year was the National Crime Prevention Strategy (NCPS) approved by the Cabinet?

<p>1996 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What negative effect can occur if the criminal justice system fails to support victims?

<p>Diminished public trust in the justice system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy is included within the overall framework of criminal justice policy in South Africa?

<p>Victim Empowerment Programme (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does treating victims fairly have on the criminal justice system?

<p>It maintains or restores the victim's respect for the law (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a key performance indicator for effective police investigations?

<p>Feedback to victims regarding investigations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which agency is identified as the lead agency in the service delivery model for victims of crime?

<p>Welfare (Social Development) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary premise behind the integrated service delivery model for crime victims?

<p>Crime requires multi-agency interventions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following roles is NOT included in the main role players for victim support?

<p>Military services (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What goal does the service delivery model aim to achieve?

<p>Maximize resources while minimizing duplication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does crime victimization potentially affect public perception of human rights?

<p>It can lead to contempt for human rights. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What approach is recommended for the government regarding crime prevention?

<p>Prioritize the rights and needs of victims (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does a restorative justice system seek to encourage?

<p>Full participation of young offenders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the impact of emotional or psychological violence compared to physical victimization?

<p>The effects of emotional violence are often more profound than those of physical victimization. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Tshiwula define violence as?

<p>The unlawful and negative exercise of physical force or threat. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is included in the definition of domestic violence?

<p>Psychological attacks and economic coercion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key aspect should be avoided when discussing domestic violence and spousal abuse?

<p>Assuming that only men experience domestic violence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a sign of physical abuse?

<p>Changes in appetite. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the internal signs of physical abuse?

<p>Bone fractures and internal organ injuries. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about domestic violence?

<p>Only physical forms of abuse are harmful. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of abuse includes the use of force and the threat of force?

<p>Physical abuse. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary finding of McLeod's analysis of domestic violence cases?

<p>Women were more likely to use weapons compared to men. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Smith's report on spousal abuse, which statement about the injuries sustained by victims is accurate?

<p>Men often lose consciousness and receive more severe injuries than women. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome for the woman who ripped off her husband's testicle?

<p>She was ordered to pay only court costs, with no compensation ordered. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of domestic violence incidents involved actions such as pushing and grabbing according to the British Crime Survey of 1996?

<p>47% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Smith suggest about the upper body strength of the average woman in comparison to men?

<p>The difference in strength affects their ability to use household objects as weapons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, which type of weapon is most frequently mentioned as being used by women in domestic violence incidents?

<p>Household objects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the case studies presented, what common theme is observed regarding the type of injuries sustained by male victims?

<p>Males sustain serious injuries from various forms of attacks. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributed to the severity of injuries among male victims of domestic violence according to the content?

<p>The use of weapons by female attackers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Victim Support Models

Strategies and policies providing communities with skills, confidence, support, and tools to advocate for victims' rights, addressing historic and institutional discrimination.

Care Model (Victim Support)

Victim services delivered as welfare or charity, governed by the ideology of care, like state compensation schemes.

Human Rights/Just Society Model (Victim Support)

Victim services integrated into the criminal justice system, using the ideology of human rights, aiming for a just society.

Ideal Victim Policy

A blend of care and human rights models, seeing victim policies as integral to crime prevention.

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State Compensation Schemes

Examples of the care model, providing financial assistance to crime victims, often historically rooted.

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Time-consuming and Burdensome

A common characteristic of existing state compensation schemes, making it challenging and lengthy for claimants.

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Crime Prevention

An important aspect of victim policies, focusing on preventing future crimes.

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Eligibility Restrictions

Limitations on who can receive state compensation in existing schemes.

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Rape Crisis Centres

Services that offer support to victims of sexual assault, often providing a safe haven.

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Victim Support Schemes

Programs offering various forms of support to victims of crimes, including practical and emotional help.

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Criminal Justice Model

A model that includes victims of crime in the justice system, providing them with various rights and supports.

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Victim Impact Statement

A formal statement by a victim that allows courts to understand the impact of crimes on the individual.

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Restitution

Compensation or repayment given to a victim by the offender as part of the justice process.

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Prevention Model

An approach that emphasizes the role of victim support services in crime prevention and control.

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Police Victim Support

Police officers guiding victims through procedures and offering support to crime victims.

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Victim Support in Western Countries

Victim support services initially focused on female victims but progressively extended their scope to include all victims.

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Victim Empowerment Programme

A program created as part of the National Crime Prevention Strategy (NCPS) to make the criminal justice system more victim-friendly and reduce the negative impact of crime on victims.

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National Crime Prevention Strategy (NCPS)

A framework for criminal justice policy and crime prevention in South Africa, aiming to reduce crime levels.

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Victim-centered approach

An approach to crime prevention that prioritizes the needs and well-being of crime victims.

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Private justice

Taking justice into one's own hands, often through vigilantism, due to a perceived lack of support or trust in the criminal justice system.

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Criminal justice system

The system responsible for investigating, prosecuting, and judging crimes.

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Multi-agency approach

A strategy that involves multiple agencies (e.g., police, prosecutors, courts, welfare agencies) collaborating to support crime victims.

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Burglar alarms

Security devices that can help deter burglaries and assist police in apprehending criminals.

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Victim support

Assistance provided to individuals who have experienced criminal activity.

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Integrated Service Delivery

A collaborative approach where different agencies (like police, social work, and health) work together to provide comprehensive support to victims.

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Multi-agency Interventions

Addressing crime as a social issue requiring cooperation and collaboration between different organizations and sectors.

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Restorative Justice System

A system that emphasizes repairing harm and rehabilitating offenders, particularly young ones, to prevent future crime.

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Bill of Rights and Criminals

A concern that the South African Bill of Rights provides overly strong protection to criminals, potentially undermining victim rights.

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Crime Prevention Approach

A strategy for tackling crime that prioritizes the rights and needs of victims at its core.

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NCPS/VEP

The National Crime Prevention Strategy and Victim Empowerment Programme, which promotes a comprehensive model for victim support.

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Role Players in Victim Support

A combination of government agencies, NGOs, and community organizations working together to support victims.

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Violence Beyond Physical

Emotional and psychological violence can be more damaging than physical abuse in intimate relationships.

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Violence Definition

Violence is the unlawful use of force or threat of force, including causing emotional or spiritual harm.

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Domestic violence

A pattern of controlling and abusive behavior involving physical, sexual, psychological attacks, and economic coercion within a relationship.

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Gender-neutral View

Domestic violence shouldn't be seen as an issue specific to men or women, but a human rights problem affecting all genders.

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Physical Abuse Signs

Physical signs of abuse can be both external (bruises, burns) and internal (bone fractures, organ injuries).

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Internal Signs of Abuse

Internal signs of physical abuse include injuries to organs, bones, and internal bleeding.

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External Signs of Abuse

External signs of physical abuse include visible injuries like bruises, burns, and ripped clothing.

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Types of Physical Abuse

Physical abuse can include various forms of force, such as hitting, kicking, burning, or strangulation.

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Gender & Domestic Violence

Studies show that men tend to experience more severe injuries in domestic violence than women, despite women often using weapons. This is attributed to men's greater upper body strength, which can make women more effective at inflicting severe injuries.

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Weapon Use in Domestic Violence

Research indicates women are more likely to use weapons in domestic violence, often household objects, to compensate for their lower physical strength.

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Male Victims' Injuries

Even though women are more prone to using weapons, male victims often sustain more serious injuries in domestic violence due to their physical strength difference.

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Domestic Violence Incidents & Injuries

While pushing and grabbing are common in domestic violence, a significant proportion also involve kicking, slapping, or punching, highlighting the severity of some incidents.

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Case Study of a Man Injured by Wife

A man seriously injured by his wife using a meat knife, highlighting the potential for severe injury despite lower physical strength.

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Common Injuries in Domestic Violence

Domestic violence often results in bruises, cuts, and injuries consistent with being struck by objects, reflecting the force involved.

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Consequences of Domestic Violence

Domestic violence can have serious consequences, leading to severe injuries, hospitalization, even death. It often includes criminal charges and legal consequences.

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Importance of Reporting

It's crucial to report domestic violence incidents, enabling authorities to investigate, offer support to victims, and potentially prevent future occurrences.

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Study Notes

Course Information

  • Course title: Victimology
  • Course code: CMY3705
  • Department: Criminology and Security Science
  • Institution: University of South Africa
  • Location: Pretoria

Learning Units (Summary)

  • Learning Unit 1: Brief History
    • Defines Victimology
    • Explains the historical sources and development of Victimology
  • Learning Unit 2: Victim Support and Empowerment
    • Defines secondary victimisation
    • Discusses various victim support models
    • Focuses on the dynamics of victim support in the criminal justice process.
  • Learning Unit 3: Domestic Violence
    • Introduces key concepts and types of domestic violence
    • Presents a systems theory perspective on abusive relationships
    • Explores the concepts of trauma bonding, psychological entrapment, and separation assault.
  • Learning Unit 4: Children as Vulnerable Victims
    • Explores sexual exploitation of children
    • The harm suffered by children exploited through trafficking
    • The role of street children in Africa
  • Learning Unit 5: Victims of Harmful Cultural Practices
    • Focuses on the victimisation of females
    • Examines the harmful cultural practices like Ukuthwala and female genital mutilation.
    • Discusses circumcision of boys
  • Learning Unit 6: Victims of Farm Attacks
    • Defines farm attacks and presents the historical background.
    • Identifies potential causes of farm attacks
    • Discusses aspects relating to the nature of the trauma and consequences
  • Learning Unit 7: Victims of Hate Crimes
    • Introduces hate crimes and provides an definition
    • Analyses xenophobia in South Africa
    • Explains the phenomenon of racial, sexual orientation-based hate victimisation
  • Learning Unit 8: Victims of HIV/AIDS and Gender-based Violent Crimes
    • The relationship between HIV/AIDS and gender-based violence
    • Explains stigma and how it affects people living with HIV/AIDS, and gender
  • Learning Unit 9: Offenders as Victims
    • Examines the victimisation of prisoners, especially females, the elderly, and males.
  • Learning Unit 10: Victimology in Practice - Victim Impact Statements
    • Defines Victim Impact Statements (VIS)
    • Explains purpose and legal provisions for VISs
  • Learning Unit 11: The Way Forward
    • Discusses the future of Victimology and areas that need further research development and collaboration.

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Related Documents

CMY3705/1/2020–2021 Victimology Guide PDF

Description

This quiz explores the primary concepts related to victim support services, including the rights of crime victims, models of support, and historical developments. It addresses challenges in implementing these services and emphasizes the importance of including victims in the criminal justice process.

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