Lecture 27

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What is metabolism primarily concerned with?

Reproduction of cells

Cellular communication

Growth of organisms

Energy conversions and chemical processes (correct)

What are the two main processes of metabolism?

Fermentation and glycolysis

Oxidation and reduction

Photosynthesis and respiration

Anabolism and catabolism (correct)

Which process converts light energy into chemical potential energy?

Photosynthesis (correct)

Fermentation

Glycolysis

Cellular respiration

According to the first law of thermodynamics, what happens to energy in a system?

It is constant and can only be converted. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of energy in a biological context?

The ability to maintain homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

In a biochemical reaction, what does ΔH represent?

Change in energy Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction is characterized by the release of energy?

Exothermic reaction Signup and view all the answers

What does the second law of thermodynamics state about entropy?

It is always increasing in an isolated system. Signup and view all the answers

What is Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG) used to predict?

The spontaneity of a reaction Signup and view all the answers

If ΔG is negative, what does this indicate about the reaction?

The reaction proceeds spontaneously. Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean if ΔG is positive?

The reaction is unfavorable or not spontaneous. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when ΔG equals zero?

The system is in dynamic equilibrium. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding ΔG?

It indicates whether a reaction will occur spontaneously. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between heat lost (Q) and work done (W) in a system?

Energy change is the sum of Q and W. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of energy for most biological processes?

ATP Signup and view all the answers

In biological systems, how does pressure and volume change during a reaction?

Neither pressure nor volume change significantly. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes an endergonic reaction?

ΔG is positive. Signup and view all the answers

Anabolic processes involve:

Synthesizing larger molecules from smaller ones. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of catabolic processes?

To break down complex molecules and release energy. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term "dynamic equilibrium" imply in a biochemical context?

Reactions are occurring at equal rates in both directions. Signup and view all the answers

Why might a reaction with a negative ΔG still not occur rapidly?

The activation energy is too high. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can influence the rate of metabolic reactions?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What do metabolic pathways often involve?

A series of interconnected enzymatic reactions. Signup and view all the answers

How is energy stored in biological systems?

As ATP and other high-energy molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increasing entropy in a system?

It can drive spontaneous reactions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a system at equilibrium?

Reactants are converted to products at equal rates. Signup and view all the answers

In a biochemical reaction, what does the term "exergonic" imply about the free energy change?

It is negative. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding enzymes in metabolic reactions?

They lower the activation energy barrier. Signup and view all the answers

What role does ATP play in metabolism?

It provides energy for cellular processes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of a reaction being endothermic?

It requires energy input from the surroundings. Signup and view all the answers

Lecture 27 – Metabolism

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