Veterinary Surgery Techniques and Anesthesia

Pleuritis and pulmonary abscessation can occur.

It can cause pericarditis, which may be followed by myocarditis.

Suturing the rumen to the skin and using Weingarth's ring are two techniques.

<p>Stay sutures help stabilize the rumen for easier access during surgery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A line block provides local anesthesia along the incision line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Inverted L block involves injecting analgesics into a specific area for regional anesthesia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infiltrating analgesics into the incision line may cause tissue swelling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Towel clamps secure the rumen to the skin for stability during incisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A topical antibacterial solution is applied onto the dehorning site.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some surgeons recommend bandaging to prevent myiasis, while others believe the wound should be left open to remain dry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Goats should be anesthetized or deeply sedated before dehorning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A rongeur is used to remove frontal bone to allow skin closure over the surgical site.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A cornual nerve block and an infratrochlear nerve block are utilized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lidocaine should be used judiciously to avoid toxicity in goats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tetanus prophylaxis should be performed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skin sutures should be removed in 3 weeks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The skin should be incised 1 cm from the base of the horn.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An obstetric wire saw, Gigli wire saw, or dehorning saw is necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potential complications include sinusitis and myiasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The first bandage should be changed on the second postoperative day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemorrhage should be stopped by ligating the superficial temporal artery or twisting it with a hemostat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dehorning should be reserved for the cooler months to minimize the risk of myiasis due to flies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The area around the horn must be prepared for aseptic surgery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The scent glands are located at the base of each horn.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abomasal displacement is primarily caused by abnormally high volatile fatty acid levels and excessive fermentation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The left displacement of the abomasum (LDA) is the most common type.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Right torsion generally presents with more acute clinical signs compared to left displacement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If the torsion exceeds 180°, it is termed a volvulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Right-flank omentopexy and right paramedian abomasopexy are commonly used for treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Right-flank omentopexy was developed to avoid the need for dorsal recumbency during surgery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recumbency should be avoided in animals with compromised systemic conditions, respiratory distress, distended rumens, or pregnancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gas accumulation leads to distention of the abomasum, causing it to float up the abdominal wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To block the nerves within the surgical field for pain management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 mg/kg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 13th thoracic nerve (T13), the 1st and 2nd lumbar nerves (L1 and L2), and the dorsolateral branch of the 3rd lumbar nerve (L3).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is caudal to the last rib.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20 cm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure enough tissue is available for suturing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A simple continuous pattern using no. 1 or no. 2 synthetic absorbable suture material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure the rumen projects well over the skin edge and to avoid contamination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The transverse abdominal aponeurosis and peritoneum are incised.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gas can be emptied using a 12-gauge needle and rubber tubing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A simple continuous suture pattern is used.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some animals may develop septic metritis, mastitis, or ketosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dehorning reduces danger to humans and other animals or due to broken horns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cornual branch of the lacrimal nerve, located on the supraorbital process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Food should be withheld for 12–24 hours before surgery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Goats can die of shock due to pain associated with the procedure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Used to stabilize the rumen during rumenotomy, preventing it from moving.

Surgical incision of the rumen (part of the cow's stomach).

A specific device used to fix the rumen to the skin during rumenotomy.

Sutures used to temporarily attach the rumen to the skin during rumenotomy.

Used to hold the rumen to the skin during rumenotomy.

Aseptic procedures (preventing infection) for the left flank area during surgery.

Anesthesia method involving injecting analgesic along the surgical incision area.

Simplest regional anesthesia method for flank or paramedian interventions.

A method of regional anesthesia used to desensitize the flank area in standing animals like horses, cattle, sheep, and goats.

The 13th thoracic nerve (T13), the 1st and 2nd lumbar nerves (L1 and L2), and the dorsolateral branch of the 3rd lumbar nerve (L3) are targeted for flank desensitization.

A surgical incision made through the left paralumbar region to access the rumen, usually about 20 cm long.

The incision should be made about 5 cm caudal (towards the tail) from the last rib, ensuring enough tissue for suturing.

A continuous suture pattern used to pull the rumen over the edge of the skin incision, preventing contamination.

A common technique for closing the rumen incision using two separate rows of suture material, one simple and one inverting.

A method of local anesthesia where the anesthetic is administered in an inverted L shape to block nerves in the surgical area.

The recommended maximum dose of local anesthetic in animals is 2 mg/kg body weight.

A condition in cows where the abomasum (fourth stomach) moves out of its normal position, typically to the left or right side.

Left Displaced Abomasum (LDA) and Right Displaced Abomasum (RDA) are the two types of abomasal displacement, indicating the side where the abomasum has shifted.

High levels of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and excessive fermentation in the rumen cause gas buildup, leading to abomasal distention and eventual displacement.

Right Torsion of the Abomasum, a condition where the abomasum twists on its axis, usually occurring on the right side.

A severe form of RTA where the torsion exceeds 180 degrees, leading to complete blockage of the abomasal outflow.

Animals with RTA often experience significant changes in electrolyte levels, particularly chloride and potassium.

A surgical procedure used to treat abomasal displacement by attaching the omentum (fatty apron) to the abdominal wall on the right side.

Another surgical technique to treat abomasal displacement, involving attaching the abomasum to the abdominal wall, but in a slightly different location than Right-Flank Omentopexy.

A surgical procedure to reposition the abomasum (the fourth stomach compartment of a cow) back into its correct position in the abdomen through a right-sided incision.

To reposition the abomasum back into its correct position in the abdomen, restoring normal digestion.

The abomasum is stitched to the peritoneum and internal rectus sheath to stabilize its position.

The removal of horns from goats, often done to prevent injuries to humans or other animals.

Dehorning is performed to prevent injuries from horns, as well as for registration purposes in some breed societies.

Goats require sufficient pain relief, as they are sensitive to pain and can experience shock if not properly managed.

Food should be withheld from goats for 12-24 hours before dehorning to prevent complications like ruminal tympany (bloating).

A sudden and severe reaction that can occur in goats during dehorning, possibly due to intense fear or pain.

Using anesthesia or deep sedation in goats before dehorning, as well as minimizing pain during the procedure.

An injection of local anesthetic near the cornual branch of the lacrimal nerve to desensitize the horn area in goats.

An injection of local anesthetic at the dorsomedial margin of the orbit to block the infratrochlear nerve, reducing pain during dehorning.

Surgical technique that minimizes the risk of infection by using sterile instruments and techniques during dehorning.

Instruments used to remove horns, including obstetric wire saws, Gigli wire saws, dehorning saws, and rongeurs.

Bleeding from the superficial temporal artery that may occur during dehorning and requires control.

A method to control bleeding from the superficial temporal artery during dehorning by tying it off using a suture.

When a goat is dehorned correctly, the frontal sinuses are exposed due to the connection between the horn's cavity and the sinus.

After dehorning, a topical antibacterial solution is applied, and the wound may be bandaged to prevent infection and foreign material entering the sinus.

This method aims to avoid large open sinuses by removing a portion of the frontal bone, allowing the skin to close over the surgical site.

The skin incision is closed with simple interrupted sutures, and the partially closed area is left to heal naturally, reducing the healing period.

Tetanus prophylaxis is essential. Bandages should be changed regularly, and fly prevention is crucial in warm weather to avoid complications.

Dehorning can lead to reduced milk production, sperm problems, sinusitis, fly infestations, and social status issues within the herd.

While complications are rare, the overall prognosis for dehorning is positive. It's important to plan the surgery carefully to minimize risks.

Dehorning is best done in cooler months to prevent fly infestations (myiasis), which can be a serious complication.