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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of veterinary pharmacology?
What is the primary focus of veterinary pharmacology?
What is pharmacokinetics?
What is pharmacokinetics?
What is an example of an antimicrobial drug?
What is an example of an antimicrobial drug?
What is the term for the study of the effects of drugs on the body?
What is the term for the study of the effects of drugs on the body?
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What is an example of a factor that can affect drug action?
What is an example of a factor that can affect drug action?
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What type of drug interaction occurs when two drugs work together to produce an effect that is greater than the sum of their individual effects?
What type of drug interaction occurs when two drugs work together to produce an effect that is greater than the sum of their individual effects?
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What is an example of an anti-inflammatory drug?
What is an example of an anti-inflammatory drug?
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What is a type of adverse drug reaction?
What is a type of adverse drug reaction?
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What is a common cause of toxicosis in animals, especially in rural and suburban areas?
What is a common cause of toxicosis in animals, especially in rural and suburban areas?
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What is a toxic compound found in Rhododendron plants?
What is a toxic compound found in Rhododendron plants?
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What is a potential consequence of ingesting even small amounts of Oleander?
What is a potential consequence of ingesting even small amounts of Oleander?
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What is a common clinical sign of toxicosis in animals?
What is a common clinical sign of toxicosis in animals?
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What is a potential treatment for poisoning from ingesting toxic plants?
What is a potential treatment for poisoning from ingesting toxic plants?
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What is a toxic compound found in Yew plants?
What is a toxic compound found in Yew plants?
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What is a potential consequence of ingesting Lily plants?
What is a potential consequence of ingesting Lily plants?
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What is the term for the study of the adverse effects of toxic substances on animals?
What is the term for the study of the adverse effects of toxic substances on animals?
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Study Notes
Veterinary Pharmacology
Definition and Scope
- Veterinary pharmacology is the study of the properties, effects, and uses of drugs in animals.
- It involves understanding the interactions between drugs and the animal body, including the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs.
Key Concepts
- Pharmacokinetics: The study of the movement of drugs within the body, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
- Pharmacodynamics: The study of the effects of drugs on the body, including the mechanisms of action and the response to therapy.
- Drug interactions: The effects of multiple drugs on each other, including synergistic, antagonistic, and additive effects.
Drug Classes
- Antimicrobials: Drugs used to treat bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections.
- Analgesics: Drugs used to relieve pain, including opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and local anesthetics.
- Anesthetics: Drugs used to induce anesthesia, including general anesthetics, sedatives, and tranquilizers.
- Anti-inflammatory drugs: Drugs used to reduce inflammation, including corticosteroids, NSAIDs, and immunosuppressive agents.
- Antiparasitic drugs: Drugs used to treat parasitic infections, including ectoparasiticides and endoparasiticides.
Factors Affecting Drug Action
- Species differences: Variations in drug response between different animal species.
- Age and development: Changes in drug response during different stages of life, including neonatal, juvenile, and geriatric animals.
- Body size and weight: Effects of body size and weight on drug dosing and response.
- Disease and health status: Impact of underlying disease or health status on drug response and efficacy.
Adverse Drug Reactions
- Types of adverse reactions: Allergic reactions, idiosyncratic reactions, and dose-related reactions.
- Monitoring and reporting: Importance of monitoring for adverse reactions and reporting them to ensure animal safety.
Regulation and Ethical Considerations
- Drug regulation: Laws and regulations governing the use of drugs in veterinary medicine, including the FDA and EPA in the United States.
- Ethical considerations: Principles guiding the use of drugs in veterinary medicine, including animal welfare, client consent, and professional responsibility.
Veterinary Pharmacology
Definition and Scope
- Veterinary pharmacology studies the properties, effects, and uses of drugs in animals, including the interactions between drugs and the animal body.
Key Concepts
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Pharmacokinetics: The study of the movement of drugs within the body, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
- Pharmacodynamics: The study of the effects of drugs on the body, including the mechanisms of action and the response to therapy.
Drug Interactions
- Drug interactions: The effects of multiple drugs on each other, including synergistic, antagonistic, and additive effects.
Drug Classes
Antimicrobial and Pain Management
- Antimicrobials: Drugs used to treat bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections.
- Analgesics: Drugs used to relieve pain, including opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and local anesthetics.
Anesthesia and Inflammation
- Anesthetics: Drugs used to induce anesthesia, including general anesthetics, sedatives, and tranquilizers.
- Anti-inflammatory drugs: Drugs used to reduce inflammation, including corticosteroids, NSAIDs, and immunosuppressive agents.
Parasitic Infections
- Antiparasitic drugs: Drugs used to treat parasitic infections, including ectoparasiticides and endoparasiticides.
Factors Affecting Drug Action
Individual and Environmental Factors
- Species differences: Variations in drug response between different animal species.
- Age and development: Changes in drug response during different stages of life, including neonatal, juvenile, and geriatric animals.
- Body size and weight: Effects of body size and weight on drug dosing and response.
- Disease and health status: Impact of underlying disease or health status on drug response and efficacy.
Adverse Drug Reactions
Types and Monitoring
- Types of adverse reactions: Allergic reactions, idiosyncratic reactions, and dose-related reactions.
- Monitoring and reporting: Importance of monitoring for adverse reactions and reporting them to ensure animal safety.
Regulation and Ethical Considerations
Laws and Principles
- Drug regulation: Laws and regulations governing the use of drugs in veterinary medicine, including the FDA and EPA in the United States.
- Ethical considerations: Principles guiding the use of drugs in veterinary medicine, including animal welfare, client consent, and professional responsibility.
Poisonous Plants
Overview
- Veterinary toxicology focuses on the adverse effects of toxic substances on animals
- Poisonous plants are a common cause of toxicosis in animals, especially in rural and suburban areas
Common Poisonous Plants
-
Oleander
- Contains cardiac glycosides
- Can cause cardiac arrest and death
- Ingestion of even small amounts can be fatal
-
Lily
- Contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals
- Causes oral and gastrointestinal irritation
- Can cause kidney damage in cats
-
Tulip
- Contains tulipalin
- Causes vomiting, diarrhea, and respiratory distress
- Ingestion of bulbs can be particularly toxic
-
Rhododendron
- Contains grayanotoxins
- Causes vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain
- Can cause cardiac arrhythmias and respiratory failure
-
Yew
- Contains taxine
- Causes vomiting, diarrhea, and cardiac arrhythmias
- Can cause sudden death due to cardiac arrest
Clinical Signs and Symptoms
- Vary depending on the plant and amount ingested
- Common signs include:
- Gastrointestinal upset
- Cardiovascular signs
- Respiratory distress
- Neurological signs
Diagnosis and Treatment
- Diagnosis often based on history of exposure and clinical signs
- Treatment typically involves supportive care
- Activated charcoal may be used to adsorb toxins
- In severe cases, hospitalization and close monitoring may be necessary
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Description
Learn about the study of drugs in animals, including their properties, effects, and uses. Understand pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
