Veterinary Pathology Quiz: Bovine Diseases

An infectious disease that primarily affects buffaloes, causing edema (swelling) of the legs and brisket, skin nodules and abscesses, skin ulcerations, and enlarged lymph nodes.

The causative agent of bovine lymphangitis. It is a gram-positive, intracellular bacterium that produces necrotizing exotoxins.

The ability of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis to survive and multiply inside macrophages, evading the immune system's phagocytosis.

The ability of some bacteria to break down nitrates into nitrites. This trait is used to differentiate between 'Biovar equi' and 'Biovar ovis' strains of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis.

A common symptom of Moraxella bovis infection in cattle, where the eye becomes excessively sensitive to light.

A cloudiness or opacity that develops on the cornea, a transparent layer covering the eye, due to infection or damage.

A type of eye infection characterized by inflammation of the conjunctiva, the transparent membrane covering the white part of the eye.

The formation of new blood vessels in the cornea, usually as a response to inflammation or damage.

When an ulcer on the cornea heals, leaving behind a scar that may slightly impair vision.

Sudden death in cattle without prior symptoms, often with the affected hind leg stiffly extended, bloating, and blood-stained froth from nostrils.

Swelling in the skeletal muscles, initially hot and painful, later becoming cold and painless with a crackling sound upon palpation.

Presence of dark, swollen tissue with a foul odor upon cutting into the affected muscle.

Lesions typically confined to the upper part of one limb but can occasionally affect other areas like the tongue, heart muscle, diaphragm, psoas muscles, and brisket.

Examination of all skeletal muscles is essential to ensure the presence of Blackleg lesions.

The bacteria responsible for causing bovine lymphangitis, a potentially fatal disease affecting cattle.

This disease affects cattle primarily, causing swelling in the legs and brisket, skin nodules and abscesses, skin ulcerations, and enlarged lymph nodes.

The ability of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis to survive and multiply within macrophages, making it harder for the immune system to eliminate it.

The process by which toxins produced by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis spread throughout the body, causing systemic effects.

The spread of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis typically occurs through contaminated wounds. Spores in the soil can enter wounds, causing the infection.

Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is an eye infection in cattle, most commonly found in younger cattle. It's spread through direct or indirect contact with nasal and ocular secretions from infected animals, primarily through flies.

Cattle develop immunity to IBK over time, but younger cattle are more susceptible due to their weaker immune systems. Older cattle have built up a layer of protection through previous exposure.

Flies play a key role in spreading the bacteria that causes IBK. They act as mechanical vectors, carrying the bacteria from infected cattle to healthy ones. This is why flies are a major factor in IBK outbreaks.

IBK has distinct stages. It can be classified as Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3, or Stage 4, each characterized by a progression of symptoms.

In Stage 1, a cow might show excessive blinking (blepharospasm) or squinting. This initial stage can occur within 24-48 hours.

Stage 2 progresses to a development of a corneal ulcer. The ulcer is a wound on the eye's surface and it starts to form within 24-48 hours after Stage 1.

The corneal ulcer continues to grow and deepen in Stage 3. Some cows may recover here with treatment, but if left untreated, they will likely progress to Stage 4.

Stage 4 is the most severe stage of IBK, characterized by a large corneal ulcer with pus-filled discharge. Without treatment, blindness and other complications may occur.

A fungal infection common in calves, usually affecting the head, neck, and trunk, characterized by circular lesions with hair loss and a whitish-grey, scaly buildup.

The tendency of ringworm lesions to grow and merge together, forming larger, irregular patches on the animal's skin.

The ability of the infected animal's immune system to fight off the ringworm fungus, leading to a natural recovery from the infection within 2 to 6 months.

A diagnostic tool used to identify ringworm by exposing the affected area to a UV light that causes the fungus to glow a characteristic apple-green color.

A type of diagnostic test involving collecting skin scrapings from the edge of the ringworm lesion and examining them under a microscope to identify the fungal spores.

A common diagnostic method for ringworm that involves cultivating the fungal spores collected from skin scrapings on a special growth medium called Sabouraud dextrose agar.

A common treatment for ringworm where the crusty scales are removed from the lesion before applying a medicated solution or ointment.

A widely spread ringworm infection in a group of animals requiring a different treatment approach compared to a localized infection in a few individuals.