Veterinary Pathology Quiz: Bovine Diseases
36 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is another name for Bovine Lymphangitis?

  • Ulcerative lymphadenitis
  • Edematous skin disease (correct)
  • Pus-producing disease
  • Nodular skin disease

    • Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is a Gram-negative organism.

    False

    What are common symptoms of Bovine Lymphangitis?

    Edema of legs and brisket, nodules and abscess on skin, ulcerations of skin, enlarged lymph nodes.

    The organism responsible for Bovine Lymphangitis can survive in ______ and resist phagocytosis.

    <p>macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following biovars of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis with their characteristics:

    <p>Biovar equi = Reduces nitrates, ulcerative lymphangitis Biovar ovis = Does not reduce nitrates, caseous lymphadenitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a corneal ulcer if it results in perforation?

    <p>Blindness may result</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neovascularization of the cornea occurs from the sclera during the healing process.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bacterium is isolated for diagnosis from lachrymal or nasal swabs in corneal cases?

    <p>Moraxella bovis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Once a corneal ulcer heals, the blood vessels ____, and the eye may appear clear again.

    <p>recede</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the condition with its description:

    <p>Photophobia = Sensitivity to light Lachrymal discharge = Excessive tearing Corneal opacity = Grey appearance of the cornea Conjunctivitis = Inflammation of the conjunctiva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a common clinical sign of Blackleg in cattle?

    <p>Continuous coughing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The swelling associated with Blackleg is initially cold and painless.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What body parts are usually affected in cases of Blackleg?

    <p>Heavy skeletal muscle regions, upper part of one limb, and can include diaphragm and heart muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blackleg in cattle leads to _________ from the nostrils and anus.

    <p>blood-stained froth exudates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following clinical signs with their correct descriptions:

    <p>Sudden death = Occurs without prior symptoms Bloating = Happens quickly after death Edema = Swelling with crepitation upon palpation Dark tissue = Revealed during incision of affected muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of pinkeye in cattle?

    <p>Bacterial infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Older cattle have higher colostral immunity compared to younger cattle.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the incubation period for infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK)?

    <p>2-7 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary mechanical vector for pinkeye is __________.

    <p>flies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the stages of IBK with their characteristics:

    <p>Stage 1 = Blepharospasm (excessive blinking) Stage 2 = Ulcer continues to develop Stage 3 = Corneal ulceration visible Stage 4 = Severe symptoms and possible resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes immune response in older cattle?

    <p>They have protective antibodies on the eye surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis can resolve at any stage without treatment.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of contact can spread the infectious agent of pinkeye?

    <p>Direct and indirect contact with nasal and ocular secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical sign of the illness described?

    <p>Profound toxemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A local lesion at the site of infection is characterized by a hard and dry swelling.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What timeframe do affected animals typically die after the first appearance of signs?

    <p>24 to 48 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence of _______ may or may not be observed depending on the type of infection.

    <p>emphysema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the clinical signs with their descriptions:

    <p>Fever and Depression = General signs indicating illness Congested mucous membranes = Indicates poor circulation or hypoxia Severe pain on palpation = Response to infection at the site Extensive frothy exudation = Fluid discharge from a wound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of lesions in ringworm?

    <p>Fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ringworm is a disease that requires treatment to resolve.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the typical characteristics of ringworm lesions?

    <p>Circular areas of alopecia with a whitish grey scale accumulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In ringworm, dermatophytes produce an __________ color upon fluorescence.

    <p>apple-green</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following diagnostic methods with their descriptions:

    <p>Clinical signs = Visual confirmation of lesions and symptoms Wood's lamp = Fluorescence test to detect fungi Skin scraping = Microscopic examination of lesion samples Culture on sabouraud dextrose agar = Laboratory growth of suspected fungal pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are ringworm lesions commonly found in calves?

    <p>On the head, neck, and trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wood's lamp can produce false negatives during diagnosis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate diameter of lesions caused by ringworm?

    <p>About three centimeters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Infectious Bovine Lymphangitis

    • Another name: Edematous skin disease
    • Problems: Edema of legs and brisket, nodules and abscesses on skin, ulcerations of skin, enlarged lymph nodes
    • More common in: Buffaloes
    • Etiology: Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, gram-positive organism, intracellular bacteria, produces necrotizing exotoxins (phospholipase), survives in macrophages and resists phagocytosis
    • Susceptibility: Buffaloes are more susceptible, have scant hair, and are often exposed to cool water/mud. Cattle are also susceptible.
    • Source: Discharging pus from infected animals, insects
    • Mode of Transmission (MOT): Thorough wound infection and insect transmission
    • Common during: Summer months
    • Pathogenesis: Enters body via skin, invades lymphatic vessels. Increases vascular permeability, form abscesses and edema.

    Clinical Signs

    • Fever: Returns to normal after a few days
    • Loss of Appetite: Mild
    • Milk Production: Mild reduction
    • Skin Swellings: Firm, warm, painful, and later soften and may contain blood-tinged fluid. Puncturing the swellings won't always immediately reveal fluid. Ulcerations of the skin may be hemorrhagic. Swellings are commonly found on the brisket and lower limbs.
    • Inflammatory Edema: Affects brisket and limbs (especially forelimbs). Lymph nodes, especially prescapular nodes, enlarge.
    • Ulcerations: Possible hemorrhagic skin ulcerations.
    • Pyogranulomatous Lesions: Occur on the skin, especially lower limbs.
    • Visceral Forms: Mastitis, pneumonia, and pyelonephritis can occur.

    Laboratory Diagnosis

    • Sample: Pus or fluid from unopened swellings, lymph node biopsies, ulcerated skin, or granulomas
    • Direct Smear: Gram-positive coccobacilli
    • Culture: On blood agar
    • Laboratory Animal: Intraperitoneal injections of pus into guinea pigs may produce purulent orchitis.

    Treatment

    • Antibiotics: Penicillin, penicillin-streptomycin, amoxicillin, or long-acting oxytetracycline for 1-2 months
    • Anti-inflammatory: Dexamethasone (not for pregnant animals), flunixin.
    • Diuretic: Sodium potassium citrate, Lasix (in glucose 25% solution). Diurizone for 2-3 days.
    • Surgical Interference: With abscesses and wounds

    Control

    • Insect Control
    • Hygiene
    • Disposal of Pus: Hygienic disposal of pus from infected animals
    • Autogenous Vaccine: Vaccine made from organisms infecting the animal
    • BCG Vaccine: Should not be used as it can produce a false positive reaction to tuberculin testing

    Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) - Pinkeye

    • Causative Agent: Moraxella bovis (gram-negative coccobacilli)
    • Environmental Factors: Ultraviolet light, plant pollens, flies, tall grasses, and dust
    • Source: Ocular and nasal discharges.
    • MOT: Mechanical vector, direct or indirect contact with secretions of infected animals. Common in summer.

    Clinical signs, IBK

    • Incubation Period: 2-7 days
    • Four Stages (no treatment): Stages progress through various stages of severity: blepharospasm, photophobia, conjunctivitis, lachrymal discharge, corneal opacity. Ulcers will progress, then will resolve.
    • Corneal Scar: Will remain.
    • Clinical Signs: inflammation, redness, crusts or pus in the eye, possible blindness.
    • Diagnosis: Clinical signs, history, laboratory isolation of Moraxella bovis.

    Ringworm

    • Other Names: Dermatophytosis, Trichophytosis, Microsporosis, Dermatomycosis
    • Definition: Superficial fungal disease
    • Etiology: Caused by Trichophyton, Trichophyton equinum, Microsporum, and Microsporum gypseum
    • Susceptibility: Affecting all animals and humans. Calves are more susceptible
    • Source: Crusts on infected animals, spores in soil, bedding, and grooming equipment.
    • MOT: Contact; spores and fungal material can also contaminate other surfaces and thus spread the disease indirectly

    Clinical Signs (Ringworm)

    • Lesions: Circular, with alopecia and crusts; typically on the head, neck, and trunk of calves. Vary in size up to about 3cm.
    • Diagnosis: Clinical signs, skin scraping (identify fungi on the hair and external surface).
    • Laboratory Diagnosis: Skin scraping (identifying fungal spores); Culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar.

    Treatment (Ringworm)

    • Local Application: Scraping lesions, scraping the surface to remove scabs. Application of treatment (ointments, sprays, topical solutions).

    Mange

    • Etiology: Mites (e.g., Psoroptes, Chorioptes, Sarcoptes, Demodex)
    • Signs: Intense itching, or pruritus, hair loss, and lesions that may become thick and scabbed over or crusted.
    • Treatment: Topical treatments such as sulfur ointments, acaricides, diazinon, malathion, lime sulfur, or macrocyclic lactones

    Gas Gangrene

    • Definition: Acute wound infection due to Clostridium organisms.
    • Etiology: C. novyi, C. sordellii, C. septicum, C. chauvoei, C. perfringens
    • Signs: Severe, rapid, progressive inflammation; tissue necrosis that can be localized or spread throughout the body; gas and pus formation in tissues.
    • Treatment: Rapid treatment with penicillin, anti-inflammatory medications, and supportive care.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Infectious Lecture 6 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on bovine diseases such as Bovine Lymphangitis and Blackleg. This quiz covers symptoms, causative organisms, and diagnostic procedures related to these conditions. Perfect for veterinary students and professionals looking to refresh their understanding of important bovine health issues.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser