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Questions and Answers
What does the presence of a very small vulva in early mated heifers suggest?
What does the presence of a very small vulva in early mated heifers suggest?
What does excessive vulval edema indicate?
What does excessive vulval edema indicate?
What does odorless fetal fluid indicate?
What does odorless fetal fluid indicate?
What may completely dry vulval lips indicate?
What may completely dry vulval lips indicate?
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What does the presence of old scar on the vulval lips indicate?
What does the presence of old scar on the vulval lips indicate?
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Study Notes
General Clinical Examination
- If the parturient animal is standing, inspection of certain signs may be sufficient for the obstetrician.
- If the animal lies down and is unable to rise, severe signs of fatigue are present, and the following measurements should be taken:
- Temperature
- Pulse and heartbeats
- Respiratory rate
- Color of the mucus membrane
Special Outer Examination
- Inspection of the udder:
- Size
- Degree of edema
- Content (Colostrum)
- Inspection of the pelvic diaphragm:
- Degree of relaxation
- Inspection of the external indicator for the bony birth canal dimension:
- Wide or narrow
- Inspection of the external genitalia:
- Presence of any fetus or fetal membrane parts:
- If absent: early dilatation stage, tortion, or inertia
- If present:
- Moist, glistening, or with fluid in their folds: fresh case
- Dry, edematous, and/or cyanosed: prolonged case of dystocia
- Presence of any abnormal parts:
- Intestine or other visceral organs: uterine rupture or Schistosoma reflexus fetus presented ventrally
- Presence of any fetus or fetal membrane parts:
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Description
Test your knowledge on the examination process for parturient animals in veterinary obstetrics, including general clinical examination and special outer examination techniques.
