Veterinary Clinical Pathology: Erythrocyte Indices
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Questions and Answers

What is indicated by an increased Mean Cell Volume (MCV)?

  • Regenerative anemia (correct)
  • Iron deficiency
  • Chronic kidney disease
  • Decreased production of red blood cells
  • Which type of anemia is characterized by larger than normal red blood cells due to impaired red blood cell production?

  • Regenerative anemia
  • FeLV-related non-regenerative macrocytic anemia (correct)
  • Microcytic anemia
  • Normocytic anemia
  • What does a normal MCV indicate about red blood cells?

  • They are non-functional
  • They are of average size (correct)
  • They are larger than average
  • They are smaller than average
  • What does a high MCHC measurement indicate?

    <p>Higher concentration of hemoglobin in red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of reticulocytes in the context of increased MCV?

    <p>To indicate bone marrow's response to anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can affect the normal ranges of MCV in veterinary medicine?

    <p>Specific breed of the animal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with elevated MCHC?

    <p>Spherocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an increased RDW indicate?

    <p>Variation in red blood cell size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) signify?

    <p>The average hemoglobin content in red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of anemia is characterized by low MCV?

    <p>Microcytic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is RDW calculated?

    <p>RDW = (SDMCV ÷ MCV) × 100</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of anisocytosis?

    <p>Indicates variation in cell size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What blood condition is suggested by an increase in reticulocyte count?

    <p>Regenerative anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of anemia can lead to increased RDW?

    <p>Iron-deficiency anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to the development of hyperchromic anemia?

    <p>RBC abnormality causing clumping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following increases when both large and small red blood cells are present?

    <p>Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is least likely to be associated with increased MCV?

    <p>Iron deficiency anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a likely cause of decreased MCV?

    <p>Congenital portosystemic shunts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is correctly associated with typical MCHC measurement?

    <p>Hypochromia in regenerative anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes most significantly to higher MCV in macrocytic anemia?

    <p>Impaired DNA synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of iron deficiency anemia on red blood cell size?

    <p>Smaller red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which breed is known for familial microcytosis without anemia?

    <p>Akita</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a low MCHC measurement indicate?

    <p>Lower concentration of hemoglobin per red cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is a common cause of decreased MCV?

    <p>Iron deficiency due to chronic blood loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mean Cell Volume (MCV)

    • MCV measures the average size of red blood cells, indicating types of anemia.
    • Normal MCV ranges:
      • Canine: 64-72 fL
      • Feline: 40-52 fL
      • Equine: 43-55 fL
      • Bovine: 38-51 fL
      • Caprine: 16-22 fL

    Increased MCV Causes

    • Myeloproliferative Disease: Rare disorder leading to abnormal blood cell proliferation in bone marrow.
    • Vitamin B12/Folate Deficiency: Causes macrocytic anemia due to impaired DNA synthesis; relatively uncommon.
    • Familial Macrocytosis: Seen in poodles, resulting in larger-than-normal red blood cells.
    • Regenerative Anemia: Most common cause, where bone marrow increases reticulocyte production in response to anemia.
    • FeLV-related Non-regenerative Macrocytic Anemia: Associated with feline leukemia virus, causing larger red blood cells without increased reticulocytes.

    Decreased MCV Causes

    • Iron Deficiency Anemia: Most frequent cause due to chronic blood loss; results in microcytic anemia as nuclear generation is delayed.
    • Congenital Portosystemic Shunts: Abnormal blood vessel redirects blood from the liver, impairing iron utilization and causing microcytic anemia.
    • Familial Microcytosis in Akitas: Genetic trait leading to smaller red blood cells without anemia.

    Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)

    • MCHC indicates the average hemoglobin concentration in packed red cells; low levels are termed hypochromia.
    • Decreased MCHC is associated with:
      • Regenerative Anemias: Immature red cells contain less hemoglobin.
      • Iron Deficiency Anemia.
    • High MCHC is termed hyperchromia, indicating increased hemoglobin concentration, which may lead to health complications like blood clots.
    • Spherocytosis: Rare hereditary condition causing abnormally shaped RBCs leads to increased MCHC.

    Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)

    • RDW measures the variation in red cell volume and is a more sensitive indicator of altered red cell size than MCV.
    • Increased RDW occurs in:
      • Regenerative Anemia: Presence of both large and small cells.
      • Iron-deficiency Anemia: Variation in cell size indicates multiple cell populations.
    • RDW is calculated using the formula: RDW = (SDMCV ÷ MCV) × 100.

    Anisocytosis

    • Refers to variation in red blood cell sizes, including macrocytes and microcytes.
    • Increased anisocytosis occurs with substantial populations of either smaller or larger than normal cells.

    Erythrocyte Indices

    • Erythrocyte indices, including MCV, MCHC, and RDW, provide critical information on red blood cell size and hemoglobin content.
    • These indices are calculated from a complete blood count (CBC) and are essential for diagnosing and managing various types of anemia and hematological conditions.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamentals of erythrocyte indices, crucial measurements derived from a complete blood count (CBC). Understanding these indices is essential for diagnosing and managing anemia and other hematological conditions in veterinary medicine.

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