Exotics Flashcards on Ferret Injections

Questions and Answers

What injections are common in ferrets?

SQ (correct)

IV (correct)

IM (correct)

IP (correct)

What are the common SQ injection locations in ferrets?

Scruff

Where is the IM injection location in ferrets?

Quadriceps or 'the semis'

Where is the IP injection location in ferrets?

Lower abdomen Signup and view all the answers

What are the IV injection locations in ferrets?

Saphenous Signup and view all the answers

What are the blood collection sites for ferrets?

Anterior vena cava, Jugular, Lateral saphenous, Cephalic, Retroorbital sinus, Tail artery Signup and view all the answers

What may need to be taken to evaluate anemic ferrets?

Bone marrow collection Signup and view all the answers

What size needle and syringe are used for bone marrow collection?

20 g needle, 1 and ½ inch syringe Signup and view all the answers

Where is bone marrow taken from in ferrets?

Proximal femur Signup and view all the answers

What should you do prior to taking bone marrow?

Shave down, use procidene, and administer anesthesia Signup and view all the answers

What can fluids be given through in ferrets?

IO catheter Signup and view all the answers

Where can IV catheters be placed in ferrets?

Cephalic, lateral saphenous, or jugular Signup and view all the answers

You have to anesthetize before IV catheter placement.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is IO catheter placement, and in whom is it used?

Proximal femur or tibia; used in young, small, and debilitated ferrets Signup and view all the answers

What can pills be placed in to facilitate administration?

In suspension Signup and view all the answers

What do ferrets lack that affects medication administration?

A cough reflex Signup and view all the answers

What are injectable anesthetics for ferrets?

Sevoflurane Signup and view all the answers

What parameters are used for depth assessment during anesthesia?

Palpebral reflex, heart rate, respiratory rate, muscle tension Signup and view all the answers

How long before anesthesia should you fast a ferret?

4 hours prior Signup and view all the answers

What are signs of pain post-operative in ferrets?

Tachypnea, stiff gait, teeth grinning, shivering, half-closed eyes, aggression, malaise, bristling of tail fur Signup and view all the answers

What can be helpful in obtaining quality images?

Stockinette Signup and view all the answers

How many views are needed for diagnostic imaging in ferrets?

3 views total Signup and view all the answers

What should you be aware of when doing contrast radiographs in ferrets?

Rapid transit time Signup and view all the answers

Cross-matching is done in ferrets even in blood transfusions.

False Signup and view all the answers

What vaccinations are recommended for ferrets?

Rabies vaccine Signup and view all the answers

When should the rabies vaccine be administered?

At least after 3 months of age: 8, 11, 12 weeks Signup and view all the answers

When can Bordetella and Pseudomonas spp. be seen?

In research settings Signup and view all the answers

What kind of bacterial disease is Helicobacter mustelae?

Gram negative Signup and view all the answers

What are some infectious bacterial diseases in ferrets?

Helicobacter mustelae Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common bacterial disease in ferrets and its symptoms?

Desulfovibrio spp.; Symptoms include bloody stool and rectal prolapse Signup and view all the answers

What may cause clinical disease in ferrets?

Hospitalization in areas where dogs and other carriers of listed organisms are present Signup and view all the answers

What viral disease is rarely seen in ferrets?

Rabies Signup and view all the answers

The rabies vaccine is recognized by the state of PA and is required by law.

False Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Injections Common in Ferrets

Common injection methods include SQ (subcutaneous), IM (intramuscular), IP (intraperitoneal), and IV (intravenous).

Injection Sites

SQ Location: Administer in the scruff; thicker skin may complicate injection.
IM Location: Preferred sites are the quadriceps or the semimembranosus/semitendinosus muscles.
IP Location: Lower abdomen, avoiding the cecum; side of injection does not affect outcome.
IV Location: Sites include cephalic, saphenous, and jugular veins; sedation is needed prior to IV catheter placement.

Blood Collection

Collection sites for blood in ferrets include:
- Anterior vena cava
- Jugular vein
- Lateral saphenous vein (using the scruff and stretch method)
- Cephalic vein (small volume)
- Retro orbital sinus (used for research, not practice)
- Tail artery (painful procedure)

Bone Marrow Collection

Bone marrow may need to be evaluated in anemic ferrets; typical collection site is the proximal femur.
Use a 20 g needle attached to a 1½ inch syringe for collection.
Prior to collection, hair should be shaved, the site disinfected with procidene and alcohol, and anesthesia administered.

Fluid Administration

Fluids can be administered via IV (intravenous) and IO (intraosseous) catheters.
Placement of IV catheters typically uses the cephalic or lateral saphenous veins, occasionally the jugular vein, requiring anesthesia.
IO catheter placement is done in the proximal femur or tibia, suitable for young, small, or debilitated ferrets.

Oral Medication Techniques

Pills can be placed in suspension to create a liquid form for administration via syringe or feeding tube.
Ferrets lack a cough reflex; to ensure proper placement of a tube, aspirate stomach fluid.

Anesthesia

Injectable anesthetics used include isoflurane and sevoflurane.
Assess depth of anesthesia by observing palpebral reflex, heart and respiratory rate, muscle tension, and oral positioning.
Fasting is required for 4 hours prior to anesthesia.

Post-Operative Care

Signs of post-operative pain include tachypnea, stiff gait, teeth gritting, shivering, half-closed eyes, aggression, malaise, and bristling tail fur.

Diagnostic Imaging

Quality images during diagnostic procedures can be improved with the use of stockinette.
Typically, three views are taken for radiographic diagnostics: DV (dorsoventral), VD (ventrodorsal), and lateral.
Increased frequency of radiographs is necessary due to rapid transit time in ferrets during contrast studies.

Blood Transfusion Protocol

Cross-matching is not performed even in blood transfusions for ferrets.

Vaccination Protocols

Required vaccinations include the canine distemper (puppy version) and rabies vaccine.
The rabies vaccine should be administered after 3 months of age (at 8, 11, and 12 weeks).
Bordetella and Pseudomonas spp. infections are primarily seen in research contexts.

Infectious Diseases

Helicobacter mustelae is a gram-negative bacterium.
Common bacterial diseases include:
- Helicobacter mustelae
- Clostridium botulinum
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Staphylococcus zooepidemicus
- Escherichia coli
- Desulfovibrio spp. (most common, particularly in young ferrets, with symptoms of bloody stool and rectal prolapse).
Environmental exposure to carriers of these organisms can lead to clinical disease.

Viral Diseases

Rabies is a viral disease rarely seen in ferrets; the rabies vaccine is not recognized or required by law in certain states (e.g., Pennsylvania).

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Description

Test your knowledge on common injection sites and techniques used in ferrets with these flashcards. Each card covers different types of injections, including subcutaneous (SQ), intramuscular (IM), intraperitoneal (IP), and intravenous (IV). Perfect for veterinary students and professionals interested in exotic animal care.