Veterinary Anesthesia Learning Objectives

False (B)

Analgesia refers to the absence of pain sensation, while anesthesia involves a loss of sensation, including pain, in a body part or the entire body.

<p>pharmacodynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Analgesia = Loss of sensation (including pain) in a body part or the entire body Sedation = Depression of the central nervous system, not fully unconscious Tranquilization = Relaxation of the patient, aware of surroundings but doesn't care Neuroleptanalgesia = Sedative/tranquilizer combined with an opioid Anesthesia = Absence of sensitivity to pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>12-18 hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To increase the concentration of oxygen in the air. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypotension and hypoventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>surgical</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Explosion hazard</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen = Green Nitrous Oxide = Blue Carbon Dioxide = Black Air = Gray</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>pop-off</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isoflurane = Purple Sevoflurane = Yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Airway pressure monitoring (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen flowing into the patient cannot be removed, leading to over-inflation of the alveoli which can burst; The patient may experience hypoxia due to a lack of oxygen exchange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Open the vaporizer valve to check for leaks. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cylinder, concentrator, and liquid oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypoventilation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sterile catheter injected into peripheral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>90</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypoventilation = Increased ETCO2 Hyperventilation = Decreased ETCO2 Airway Obstruction = Decreased ETCO2 Malignant Hyperthermia = Increased ETCO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The patient is adequately under anesthesia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heart rate, ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Doppler</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pulse oximetry = O2 saturation of hemoglobin ECG = Heart rhythm Esophageal stethoscope = Heart sounds Noninvasive BP = Systolic, diastolic, and MAP</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for lower oxygen flow rates. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>500 psi</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>APL</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can only absorb halogenated anesthetic gases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passive = Mobile and low cost Active = More effective but expensive</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10 ml/kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

Signup and view all the answers

<p>pharmacokinetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The veterinarian in charge is responsible for conducting the patient evaluation and making informed decisions regarding the anesthetic plan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct BP Analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypotension, movement, and arrhythmias.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>hypoventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypoventilation = Increased ETCO2 Hyperventilation = Decreased ETCO2 Malignant Hyperthermia = Increased ETCO2 Airway Obstruction = Decreased ETCO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pop-off occlusion valve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vaporizer = Changes liquid anesthetic into vapor in a controlled manner Pop-off valve = Releases excess pressure from the breathing circuit APL valve = Regulates the pressure in the breathing circuit Oxygen flush button = Delivers a quick burst of oxygen to the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both B and C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If a leak is detected, the oxygen flow rate should be titrated to a maximum of 300 ml/min. If the leak is greater than this, the machine should not be used.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cylinder E is smaller than Cylinder H, having a capacity of 660L. (A), An oxygen cylinder should be changed when the pressure drops below 500 psi. (B), Both Cylinder E and Cylinder H operate at a pressure of 2200psi. (C), Cylinder size refers to the volume of oxygen contained in the tank. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) exhaled by the patient, preventing its rebreathing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>non-rebreathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passive = Uses charcoal absorption to remove halogenated anesthetic gases from the environment Active = Central vacuum collection system for more effective waste gas removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4-12 hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>I = Normally healthy patients with routine procedures like spaying or neutering. II = Patients with mild systemic disease, such as skin tumors, fractures, obesity, or brachycephalic breeds. III = Patients with severe systemic disease, such as fever, anemia, or renal dysfunction. IV = Patients with life-threatening conditions such as uremia, toxemia, shock, high fever, or significant trauma. V = Patients with imminent risk of death without surgery, experiencing extreme shock or trauma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen: Green, N2O: Blue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stabilization before surgery involves correcting dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, addressing anemia possibly through blood transfusions, and administering appropriate antibiotic therapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>P</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypothermia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypothermia = A decrease in core body temperature Hypoxemia = A decrease in oxygen levels in the blood Hypotension = A decrease in blood pressure Hypoventilation = A decrease in the rate and depth of breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>35-45 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shivering (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypothermia, Hypoxemia, Hypotension, Hypoventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Loss of sensation in a body part or the whole body, can be local or general.

Absence of pain sensitivity, often induced by certain drugs.

CNS depression where the patient is calm but not fully unconscious.

Relaxation of the patient, who remains aware but indifferent to surroundings.

Study of what the body does to drugs (absorption, metabolism, excretion).

Food withheld for 6-12 hours; water until premed given.

Food withheld for 12-18 hours; water for 8-12 hours.

Food withheld for 4-12 hours; water until premed given.

Food withheld for 18-24 hours; water for 12-18 hours.

Not detectable when < 5% dehydration; shock at 12-15% and tachycardia possible.

Ranks surgical risk from I (healthy) to V (immediate risk of death).

Issues include hypotension, hypoventilation, hypothermia, hypoxemia.

Prevent incorrect gas use with color codes (O2=green, N2O=blue) and PISS/DISS fittings.

Common gas containers used for delivering oxygen, usually steel or aluminum.

Large, insulated containers that store liquid oxygen for facilities with high O2 needs.

Device that filters nitrogen from air to concentrate oxygen, affordable but not for large clinics.

Devices converting liquid anesthetic into vapor, featuring controlled air flow and color coding.

A closed valve can trap oxygen, risking patient harm by causing alveoli to burst.

Procedure to check anesthesia machine for leaks, involving closing valves and observing pressure.

Watch pressure gauge for 30 seconds; no drop indicates no leak.

Use P1/V1 = P2/V2 to determine remaining oxygen in liters and estimate time left.

A measure analyzing EEG values, indicating consciousness level during anesthesia.

Essential for ensuring adequate blood flow, ventilation, and body temperature during anesthesia.

Methods include Doppler and oscillometric to measure arterial pressure without needles.

A noninvasive method to measure the % O2 saturation of hemoglobin in the blood.

An indicator during anesthetic assessment to gauge depth and response.

A type of oxygen cylinder with a capacity of 660L at 2200psi.

A larger oxygen cylinder with a capacity of 6900L at 2200psi.

Replace oxygen cylinders when pressure drops below 500 psi.

Squeeze the bag while occluding the APL valve to provide breath to the patient.

A breathing system using unidirectional valves that prevents CO2 buildup via chemical absorption.

Preferred for smaller pets; has less resistance and little dead space, but uses higher oxygen flow rates.

Uses charcoal to absorb halogenated anesthetic gases and requires replacement after 50g weight.

A more effective anesthetic gas removal system that uses a central vacuum collection.

Measurement of CO2 concentration in exhaled air, indicating ventilation status.

Decreased ventilation resulting in increased ETCO2 levels, often seen with anesthetic complications.

Conditions causing hypoventilation include malignant hyperthermia and anesthesia-related hypotension.

Golden standard for blood pressure measurement using a sterile catheter in a peripheral artery.

Doppler method estimates mean arterial pressure (MAP) more accurately than systolic BP alone.

Measures blood pressure by detecting oscillations in arterial walls.

Common E cylinders are made of steel or aluminum for oxygen delivery.

Device that filters air to increase oxygen concentration, more affordable.

Modern vaporizers use colors to identify anesthetic agents; e.g., isoflurane = purple.

Closing this valve traps oxygen, risking patient harm due to alveoli bursting.

Changes liquid anesthetic into vapor using increased surface area; essential for anesthesia.

Formula to calculate tidal volume: BW (kg) x tidal volume (mL/kg) x 5.

Lower oxygen flow rates and easy setup but more resistance for smaller pressures.

Higher oxygen flow rates and increased risk of hypothermia due to more oxygen usage.

Systems that actively remove waste anesthetic gases during procedures.

Passive uses charcoal; active employs vacuum. Active is more effective but expensive.

Oxygen cylinders should be replaced when pressure drops below 500 psi.

Provide ventilation by squeezing the reservoir bag and occluding the APL valve.

Consist of rebreathing and non-rebreathing systems, each with pros and cons.

No fasting required due to high metabolic rates; prone to hypoglycemia.

12-15% dehydration causes shock with tachycardia and possible death.

Stabilization involves correcting dehydration and electrolyte balance.

Represents a threat to life due to conditions like uremia or shock.

Oxygen is green; N2O is blue, preventing wrong usage.

Not detectable when dehydration is less than 5%; symptoms appear later.

Best predictor for systolic arterial pressure using automated measurements.

Represents atrial depolarization in an ECG reading.

Should be greater than 95% to avoid severe hypoxemia.

Radiation, convection, conduction, and evaporation are ways the body loses heat.

Common during anesthesia, includes decreased RR and bradycardia.

Result of thermoregulation failure, often due to heat stroke or anesthesia.

Should be maintained at 35-45 mmHg during anesthesia.

Mean arterial pressure should be 60-100 mmHg; equine > 70 mmHg.

A combination of a sedative/tranquilizer and opioid for anesthesia.

The study of what a drug does to the body, crucial in anesthesia.

An assessment covering signalment, history, PE, and lab tests before anesthesia.

Macro drips (10-15 drops/ml) for larger dogs; micro drips (60 drops/ml) for small ones.

Tests done during patient evaluation to assess health before surgery.